纽约时报双语版

北京最高楼“中国尊”遭小型飞机撞击

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 21:06:03 +0000

KEITH BRADSHER, MEAGHAN TOBIN, PEI-LIN WU

2026年6月27日

周五，北京的中国尊大厦（又名中信大厦）外墙受损。 Maxim Shemetov/Reuters

A small aircraft flew into the tallest building in Beijing on Friday, sending huge hunks of debris and plane parts plummeting onto the streets below and prompting crowds to flee.

周五，一架小型飞机撞击北京最高的建筑，巨大的碎片和飞机零件坠落到街道上，引发人群逃散。

Video shared on social media and verified by The New York Times showed debris falling from the skyscraper, as people ran to safety. The footage showed broken windows and debris, including what appeared to be the tail of a small aircraft, falling dozens of stories into the street below.

发布在社交媒体上并经《纽约时报》核实的视频显示，碎片从这座摩天大楼上掉落，人们纷纷逃离。视频显示，破碎的窗户和碎片，包括一个疑似小型飞机尾翼的物体，从数十层高的地方坠落到下面的街道上。

The building is in the capital’s busy central business district, which was clogged with cars at evening rush hour. It was not immediately clear how many people were injured, if any were. The whereabouts and identity of the pilot were also unknown.

这栋建筑位于中国首都繁忙的中央商务区，晚高峰时段交通拥堵。目前尚不清楚是否有人受伤，或有多少人受伤。飞行员的身份和下落也尚不明确。

Photos posted to social media from the site showed parts of an aircraft that appeared to be a lightweight model with only a few seats, registered to the airline Shuangyue General Aviation, a regional flight training provider. Calls to the company went unanswered.

社交媒体上发布的现场照片显示，飞机的部件似乎属于一架仅有几个座位的轻型飞机，该飞机注册在双悦通用航空名下，这是一家区域性飞行培训服务提供商。记者致电该公司，但无人接听。

Data from FlightRadar, a flight tracking website, showed that the plane took off from an airfield in Beijing’s eastern Pinggu district. The plane circled the area before flying west into the city center.

航班追踪网站FlightRadar的数据显示，这架飞机从北京东部平谷区的一个机场起飞。飞机在该地区盘旋后，向西飞往市中心。

It was unclear if the crash was an accident or intentional. It was also unclear how the pilot was able to fly into the city center apparently unobstructed. Calls to the Civil Aviation Authority of China and a nearby police station in Beijing rang unanswered.

目前尚不清楚这次坠机是意外事故还是人为造成的。同样不清楚的是，飞行员是如何能够在似乎畅通无阻的情况下飞入市中心的。致电中国民航局和事发附近北京一个派出所的电话均无人接听。

“This aircraft is normally used for pilot training east of Beijing,” said Ian Petchenik, a spokesman for FlightRadar. He said that this flight was “out of character” with those types of flights, adding: “I don’t think we can rule anything out at this point.”

“这架飞机通常在北京东部用于飞行员培训，”FlightRadar的发言人伊恩·佩切尼克表示。他称这次飞行与此类飞行通常的特征“不符”，并补充道：“我认为目前我们不能排除任何可能性。”

There was significant police presence near the building on Friday night. The police closed at least one major road near the building, setting up a folding metal grille gate, and a police car with flashing lights was parked on the street. High above, bright lights occasionally flashed around a hole in the side of the building as repair work got underway.

周五晚上，该建筑附近有大量警察驻守。警方关闭了附近至少一条主要道路，设置了折叠式金属栅栏门，一辆闪烁着警灯的警车停在街上。大楼上方，随着维修工作的展开，大楼侧面的一个破洞周围不时闪烁着强光。

警察在靠近中信大厦的十字路口巡视，大厦外墙高层可见受损。

The skyscraper is called the Citic Tower and is also known as China Zun. It is the headquarters of Citic Group, one of China’s biggest state-owned financial conglomerates.

这座大楼名为中信大厦，也被称为“中国尊”，是中国最大的国有金融集团之一中信集团的总部所在地。

An employee of a nearby gym, who identified himself by the surname Zhang, said that he was walking with friends in the area when he saw an aircraft hit the tower around 6 p.m. local time. A woman with a head injury was later taken away in an ambulance, he said. A worker at a nearby restaurant reported hearing a loud noise around the same time.

附近一家健身房的一名自称姓张的员工表示，下午6点左右，他和朋友在附近散步时看到一架飞机撞上了大楼。他说，随后一名头部受伤的女子被救护车拉走。附近一家餐厅的员工也报告称，大约在同一时间听到了巨大的声响。

The accounts of injuries could not be immediately verified. But in a sign of the authorities’ sensitivity about the news, social media posts about the crash and the building itself appeared to be censored online in China.

有关受伤人员的说法无法立即得到核实。但关于此次坠机以及该建筑本身的社交媒体帖子在中国网络上似乎遭到了审查，这是官方对此新闻高度敏感的一个迹象。

A resident of the neighborhood who gave his surname, Wang, said that just before 6 p.m., he heard loud noises coming from the street and walked toward the tower, where he saw a hole, which was briefly on fire, in the side of the building. He also said he saw the wreckage of an aircraft, also on fire, at the base of the building. He could not determine whether there were any casualties before the police hurried onlookers away, he said.

一位自称姓王的附近居民表示，下午将近6点，他听到街上传来巨大的声响，于是走向中信大厦。他在那里看到大楼侧面有一个破洞，并短暂起火。他还表示，在大楼底部看到了同样在起火的飞机残骸。他表示自己无法确定是否有人员伤亡，后来警察赶走了围观者。

An office worker who gave only his first name, Richard, told a Times reporter that he had been in a meeting on a high floor in an office building across from the Citic Tower when he realized something had happened. “I saw some white pieces of paper fluttering through the air,” he said, though he couldn’t see or hear anything else. He said he was surprised when he emerged from his office building later to find a crowd outside.

一名只透露自己英文名叫理查德的公司职员告诉时报记者，当他意识到出事了的时候，他正在中信大厦对面一座写字楼的高层开会。“我看到一些白色的纸片飘在空中，”他说，尽管除此之外他看不到也听不到任何其他动静。他说，当他稍后走出办公楼时，很惊讶地发现外面聚集了很多人。

中信大厦外墙受损。

Later in the evening, about 200 people had gathered across the street from the Citic Tower, taking pictures. The police were waving people away from entering the street on the east side. The avenue past the south side of the building remained open to pedestrians, bicyclists and motor scooters.

当晚晚些时候，约有200人聚集在中信大厦对面的街道上拍照。警方挥手示意人们不要进入东侧的街道。大楼南侧的街道仍然对行人、自行车和电动自行车开放。

The iconic tower was completed in 2018 and can be seen from across the city. It is across the street from another well-known Beijing architectural landmark, the headquarters of China Central Television, where nearly 20 police cars were parked on Friday night.

这座标志性的大楼于2018年竣工，从北京的各个角落都可以看到它。它与北京另一处著名的建筑地标——中国中央电视台总部隔街相望，周五晚上，那里停靠了近20辆警车。

一分钟内两次超7级强震：详解委内瑞拉地震

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 05:36:02 +0000

ROBIN GEORGE ANDREWS

2026年6月26日

周四，加拉加斯一处倒塌建筑现场的急救人员。 Leonardo Fernandez Viloria/Reuters

Northern Venezuela is no stranger to large, damaging earthquakes. But the pair that tore through the region on Wednesday ranks as a rare catastrophe — a one-two punch representing one of the most powerful tectonic events to strike there in the past century.

委内瑞拉北部地区发生破坏性大地震并不罕见。但周三袭击该地区的两次强震堪称罕见的灾难——这场连环重击是过去一个世纪以来袭击该地区最强烈的地质构造事件之一。

At 6:04 p.m. local time, a magnitude 7.2 temblor struck to the west of the capital city of Caracas; this was followed just 39 seconds later by a magnitude 7.5 rupture. So-called doublets are uncommon, but not vanishingly so. In September 2025, just southwest of Wednesday’s doublet, a pair of quakes (magnitudes 6.2 and 6.3) caused widespread damage to buildings and injured more than 110 people.

当地时间下午6点04分，首都加拉加斯以西发生7.2级地震；仅39秒后，又发生了7.5级地震。所谓的“双震”虽然不常见，但并非绝无仅有。在2025年9月，就在此次双震的西南方位曾发生6.2级和6.3级的双震，造成大量建筑受损，导致110多人受伤。

The extent of the devastation is not yet clear, and scientists may yet revise their estimates of the quakes’ strength. Over the coming weeks, researchers will gather reams of geologic data and build up a detailed picture of the twin temblors.

目前的受灾程度尚不明确，科学家们可能还会修正对地震强度的评估。在接下来的几周里，研究人员将收集大量的地质数据，以还原此次双震的详细情况。

But they already have an idea as to why these quakes took place in such a remarkably short time and why they were so damaging. Here’s what they know so far about these catastrophic earthquakes, and what to expect in the days to come.

但关于这两次地震为何会在如此短的时间内接连发生，以及为何会造成如此严重的破坏，他们目前已经有了初步推断。以下是目前对这场灾难性地震的了解，以及对未来几天的预测情况。

Why was one strong quake immediately followed by another?

为什么一场强震之后紧接着又发生了一场强震？

During a sequence of earthquakes, the most powerful among them — in this case, the magnitude 7.5 event — is considered to be the main shock, which would make the magnitude 7.2 event the “foreshock.”

在一系列地震中，震级最大的那一次被称为主震——这次的7.5级地震为主震，7.2级地震则属于前震。

These two quakes together are known as a doublet, because of their back-to-back nature at nearly the same location and probably on the same fault, or a closely related group of faults. But Wednesday’s pair was peculiar.

由于两次地震在几乎同一地点接连发生，而且很可能发生在同一断层或彼此密切相关的一组断层上，因此它们共同构成了一次双震。不过，周三的双震相当特殊。

“Most doublets don’t occur quite this close together in time,” said Brandon Bishop, a seismologist at Saint Louis University. “Delays of hours to a few days are much more common.”

“大多数双震在时间上不会靠得这么近，”圣路易斯大学地震学家布兰登·毕肖普指出，“间隔数小时到数天的情况更为常见。”

The timing is almost certainly not a coincidence. “It is very likely that the first triggered the second one,” said Harold Tobin, the director of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network at the University of Washington.

这两场地震在时间上几乎可以肯定不是巧合。“第一场地震很可能触发了第二场，”华盛顿大学“太平洋西北地震网络”主任哈罗德·托宾说。

The ferocious seismic waves unleashed by the initial rupture may have convulsed an adjacent, locked-up section of the fault, which triggered the second quake. Although these two quakes might be considered separate events, “this could be regarded as one earthquake that went on for 50 seconds or so,” said Stephen Hicks, a seismologist at University College London in England.

第一次断裂释放出的猛烈地震波可能扰动了断层相邻的锁固段，从而引发了第二次地震。尽管这两次地震可能被视为独立事件，但英国伦敦大学学院的地震学家斯蒂芬·希克斯认为，“也可以把它们看作是一场持续了约50秒的大地震。”

Instead of a pause between the two events, it may be better to think of this disaster as a near continuous rupture that “cascaded into this bigger beast,” he added.

他说，与其认为两次地震之间存在停顿，不如把这场灾难理解为一次几乎持续不断的断层破裂，它“一路演变最终发展成了这个更为可怕的巨兽”。

Why were these earthquakes so destructive?

为什么双震的破坏力如此巨大？

Although a magnitude 7.2 event sounds just a little less severe than a magnitude 7.5 quake, this scale isn’t linear. According to scientists, the second quake released almost three times as much energy as the first.

尽管7.2级听起来只比7.5级稍弱一点，但震级并非线性关系。据科学家称，第二次地震释放的能量几乎是第一次的三倍。

Other factors conspired to make this doublet particularly devastating.

此外，还有其他多种因素共同导致这次双震的破坏力异常巨大。

“Both earthquakes are relatively shallow,” said Dr. Bishop. That means that the potency of the seismic waves wasn’t much diminished by the time they coursed across the Earth’s surface.

毕晓普博士说：“这两场地震的震源都比较浅。”这意味着，在传导至地表时地震波能量并未发生太多衰减。

The quakes took place in the Yaracuy Valley, which is filled with loose sediments — the very sort that amplify shaking. This led to landslides and even liquefaction, a temporary state in which soil behaves like a fluid.

地震发生在亚拉奎山谷，那里覆盖着大量松软的沉积物——正是会放大地震晃动的那种地层。这导致了山体滑坡甚至土壤液化，也就是一种土壤暂时表现出流体特性的状态。

And as the fault rupture moved eastward, in the direction of the capital city, Caracas “got a direct hit,” said Dr. Hicks.

希克斯博士指出，随着断层破裂向东扩展，直逼首都方向，加拉加斯受到“正面冲击”。

The fact that Venezuela lacks a technologically sophisticated earthquake early-warning system and is in a state of economic and political disarray only exacerbated the potential for disaster.

此外，委内瑞拉缺乏技术先进的地震预警系统，且长期处于经济与政治动荡状态，这也进一步放大了灾难造成的影响。

周四，加拉加斯西北方向约30公里处的卡蒂亚拉马尔，受地震损毁的房屋。

Is this area prone to earthquakes?

该地区本来就容易发生地震吗？

This region is a messy geologic jigsaw puzzle. The Caribbean tectonic plate is moving eastward relative to the South American plate by less than an inch per year. In one section, the Caribbean plate has also been forced under the South American plate, causing parts of the latter to fragment.

这一地区的地质构造十分复杂，犹如一幅凌乱的拼图。加勒比板块相对于南美板块正以每年不到约2.5厘米的速度向东移动。与此同时，在部分区域，加勒比板块还俯冲至南美板块之下，导致后者部分地壳发生碎裂。

Within a 155-mile vicinity of Wednesday’s earthquakes, there have been seven magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes in the past century. And around the epicenters of this week’s doublet, there are three known significant faults mapped out: the Boconó Fault, the El Guayabo Fault and the Morón Fault.

在周三两次地震震中方圆约250公里的范围内，过去100年里已经发生过七次6级或以上地震。此次双震震中附近目前已知至少分布着三条重要断层：博科诺断层、埃尔瓜亚沃断层和莫龙断层。

The magnitude 7.5 event appears closest to El Guayabo, while the magnitude 7.2 earthquake seems nearest to Morón. But with the uncertainties involved, all three are suspects — and more than one could have ruptured.

7.5级地震似乎最接近埃尔瓜亚沃断层，7.2级地震似乎最靠近莫龙断层。但由于存在不确定性，三条断层都有可能是元凶——而且可能不止一条发生了断裂。

This complexity makes untangling the root cause of Wednesday’s quakes somewhat troublesome. But early indications are that the fault, or faults, that ruptured did so in a strike-slip fashion, meaning two blocks of the crust slipped in a side-to-side manner with respect to each other.

这种复杂性令厘清周三地震的真正成因变得相当困难。但初步迹象表明，发生断裂的断层属于走滑断层，即断层两侧的地壳主要是沿水平方向彼此错动。

“Strike-slip faults tend to produce strong seismic shaking, especially near to and along the length of the fault that moved,” Dr. Tobin said.

“走滑断层往往会产生强烈的地震晃动，特别是在靠近断层沿线及沿断裂带延伸的方向上，”托宾博士说。

“This is analogous to the East Anatolian Fault that devastated Turkey a few years ago, Haiti in 2010, or the San Andreas Fault,” he added.

他补充道：“这与前几年重创土耳其的东安纳托利亚断层、引发2010年海地地震的圣安德烈亚斯断层非常相似。”

Will there be any significant aftershocks?

还会发生较大的余震吗？

They are already taking place. According to the forecasts by the U.S. Geological Survey, the region will be rattled by myriad smaller quakes (magnitudes 3 to 5) over the next week.

余震已经在持续发生。根据美国地质调查局预测，未来一周，该地区将持续发生多次3级至5级的小型地震。

Within this time frame, there is a 24 percent chance of a magnitude 6 event striking the area, and a 3 percent chance of another magnitude 7 quake taking place.

与此同时，该地区未来一周发生6级地震的概率为24%；再次发生7级地震的概率为3%。

“Normally, aftershocks occur most frequently right after a big one, then tail off exponentially over days to weeks to years,” said Dr. Tobin. That means the chaos and fear gripping the nation right now is likely to continue well into the future.

“通常情况下，余震在大震后发生得最频繁，然后随时间推移呈指数级衰减，这一过程会持续数天、数周到数年，”托宾博士表示。这意味着，目前笼罩该国的混乱与恐慌很可能会持续相当长一段时间。

伊朗袭击货船，霍尔木兹海峡航运再次中断

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 05:06:05 +0000

PETER EAVIS, FARNAZ FASSIHI, JENNY GROSS, EUAN WARD

2026年6月26日

周二，靠近霍尔木兹海峡阿曼海岸外的油轮和货船。 Elke Scholiers/Getty Images

Iran’s armed forces struck a container ship that was passing through the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday, according to U.S. and Iranian officials, undermining efforts to restore shipping traffic through the crucial waterway.

据美伊双方官员透露，伊朗武装部队周四在霍尔木兹海峡袭击了一艘途经此处的集装箱船，使恢复这条关键水道航运的努力遭受重挫。

The attack came hours after Iran, demonstrating its hold over the strait, had warned ships that the only route through the vital pathway for oil and natural gas was through its waters. Many ships had been using a route on the southern side of the strait, hugging the Omani coast.

此次袭击发生数小时前，伊朗为了展示自己对霍尔木兹海峡的控制权，警告所有船只：要穿越这条对石油和天然气运输至关重要的水道，唯一许可航线必须经过伊朗水域。此前，许多船只一直选择沿着海峡南侧、贴近阿曼海岸的航道航行。

The strike halted traffic through the crucial waterway, contradicting President Trump’s claim that Iran did not control the strait and his assurances that it was open once again open to shipping. Oil prices jumped after the attack, with the cost of Brent crude, the global benchmark for oil, rising over 2 percent to about $75 a barrel. West Texas Intermediate crude, the U.S. benchmark, also rose over 2 percent, to around $72 a barrel.

袭击导致这条重要水道的航运再次中断，这与特朗普总统此前宣称“伊朗并不控制霍尔木兹海峡”以及海峡已重新向航运开放的保证相矛盾。袭击发生后油价跳涨，全球基准布伦特原油价格上涨超过2%，至每桶约75美元。美国基准西得克萨斯中质原油也上涨超过2%，至每桶约72美元。

A U.S. official, who spoke anonymously in order to share details of the strike, said the vessel had been hit by a drone. The attack prompted the International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency, to suspend its plan to evacuate seafarers from hundreds of ships that had been stranded in the Persian Gulf.

一名美国官员在匿名情况下透露了袭击细节，称该船遭到无人机打击。此次袭击还迫使联合国机构国际海事组织暂停了将数百艘滞留在波斯湾船只上的海员撤离的计划。

It was not clear how the strike would affect the ongoing negotiations between the United States and Iran over control of the strait and over Iran’s nuclear program. Secretary of State Marco Rubio met on Thursday with Gulf Arab leaders in Bahrain to try to allay their security concerns.

目前尚不清楚这次袭击将对美伊两国正在进行的关于海峡控制权和伊朗核计划的谈判产生怎样的影响。国务卿鲁比奥周四在巴林会见了海湾阿拉伯国家领导人，努力消除他们的安全顾虑。

Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps had warned ships earlier on Thursday that they must coordinate with its navy and that they should not take an alternative route, in an apparent reference to Omani territorial waters. The threats came just as shipping in the waterway was surging this week after months of near-paralysis.

伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队周四早些时候曾发出警告，要求所有船只必须与伊朗海军协调，不得选择其他航线——这显然指的是阿曼领海。这些威胁发出之际，该水道的航运在经历了数月近乎瘫痪后，本周刚开始迅速恢复。

“This route is unacceptable and extremely dangerous,” the Revolutionary Guards’ Navy said early on Thursday in a statement carried by Tasnim, an Iranian news agency tied to the Guards. “We warn all vessels to strictly refrain from any movement outside the designated routes,” it added, warning that action would be taken against vessels that did not heed its instructions.

“这条航线是不可接受且极其危险的，”革命卫队海军周四早些时候在伊朗塔斯尼姆通讯社（该机构有革命卫队背景）发表的一份声明中称。“我们警告所有船舶严格避免在指定航道之外航行，”声明补充道，并放话将对不服从的船只采取行动。

周四，国务卿鲁比奥与巴林国王哈马德·本·伊萨·阿勒哈利法在巴林会面。

The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations organization, which is administered by Britain’s Royal Navy, reported that a cargo vessel had been hit by an “unknown projectile,” damaging the bridge. The episode happened 7.5 nautical miles southeast of Dahit, Oman, where vessels were transiting.

由英国皇家海军管理的英国海上贸易行动办公室报告称，一艘货船被“不明抛射物”击中，驾驶台受损。事件发生在阿曼达希特东南方向7.5海里处，正是过往船只通行的区域。

The ship struck, the Ever Lovely, is owned by Evergreen Marine, a shipping company based in Taiwan, according to Equasis, a ship database.

据船舶数据库Equasis显示，遭袭的“长丽轮”隶属台湾船运公司长荣海运。

Arsenio Dominguez, the secretary general of the International Maritime Organization, did not name the attacked ship in a news release on Thursday, but said it had not been part of the agency’s evacuation operation.

国际海事组织秘书长阿塞尼奥·多明格斯在周四的新闻稿中未点名遭袭船只，但表示该船未包括在该组织的撤离行动中。

The Wall Street Journal initially reported the strike on the vessel in the strait.

《华尔街日报》最早报道了这起霍尔木兹海峡船只遇袭事件。

Jakob Larsen, the chief security officer at BIMCO, the world’s largest shipping association, said in a statement on Thursday that the attack underscored the importance of having clear agreements between the United States and Iran on the resumption of shipping through the strait. The current agreement is “not sufficiently clear,” he said.

全球最大航运协会——波罗的海国际航运公会的首席安全官雅各布·拉森周四发表声明称，此次袭击凸显了美伊两国就恢复海峡航运达成明确协议的重要性。他表示，目前的协议“不够明确”。

The Iranian official, who asked not to be named because he was not authorized to speak publicly, said Oman’s providing an alternative route to vessels for transiting the strait had angered Iran and undermined its control over the passageway, therefore it had decided to act.

一名因无权公开发言而要求匿名的伊朗官员表示，阿曼向过往船只提供替代航线一事令伊朗深感不满，因为这削弱了伊朗对海峡的控制，因此它决定采取行动。

The official said Oman was in a difficult position, working with Iran to create a management system over the strait and under pressure from the United States to reject all monetization and open the waterway. He added that Oman did not have the ability to provide security guarantees to vessels without Iran on board, and that Iran, which was insisting on maintaining its control over the area, would not tolerate a second- or third-party intervention.

该官员还说，阿曼处境两难——一方面要与伊朗合作建立海峡管理机制，另一方面又面临美国的压力，要求其拒绝任何收费安排，确保水道畅通开放。他补充说，阿曼在没有伊朗配合的情况下无力为过往船只提供安全保障，而坚持维护本地区控制权的伊朗也不会容忍任何第二方或第三方介入。

Though Iran agreed last week to let vessels pass through the strait safely, it is also seeking to gain more influence over shipping traffic in the waterway, said an analyst, Noam Raydan, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

尽管伊朗上周同意让船只安全通过海峡，但它也在寻求获得对水道航运的更多影响力，华盛顿近东政策研究所高级研究员诺姆·雷丹分析道。

“Iran wants this navigational order to be according to its own terms,” she said.

“伊朗希望按照自己的条件来确立这套航行秩序，”她说。

德黑兰街头的广告牌，展示伊朗对霍尔木兹海峡的控制，摄于4月。

Traffic through the strait — an energy route that Iran and the United States blockaded during the war — had jumped this week as vessels stranded for months in the Persian Gulf began leaving. Shipping companies are seeking to take advantage of a temporary two-month window to move Middle East crude oil.

霍尔木兹海峡曾在战争期间遭到伊朗和美国封锁。本周，随着此前滞留波斯湾数月的大批船只陆续驶离，海峡航运量大幅增加。各大航运公司正试图利用目前这两个月的窗口期，加快中东原油运输。

About 70 vessels transited the waterway on Wednesday, including 29 tankers, making it the busiest day since March 1, according to figures offered on Thursday by Kpler, a maritime data company. Before the war, 130 or more ships passed through the strait every day.

据海事数据公司Kpler周四公布的数据，周三共有约70艘船只通过海峡，其中包括29艘油轮，创下3月1日以来的单日新高。而在战前，每天通过海峡的船只超过130艘。

Bahrain is the final stop of a three-country tour for Mr. Rubio, which also took him to the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait. At a meeting with representatives of the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council in the Bahraini capital, Manama, he sought to assuage concerns among regional allies over a framework peace agreement with Iran that has left some of their central security questions unaddressed.

巴林是鲁比奥此次三国海湾之行的最后一站，此前他已访问阿联酋和科威特。在巴林首都麦纳麦与海湾合作委员会六国代表会面时，他着力安抚地区盟友对美伊框架和平协议的顾虑——这份协议并未解决他们最关心的一些安全问题。

“We want to ensure that in any decisions that are made throughout this negotiating process, the interest of our partners and our allies in the region are always taken into account,” Mr. Rubio told the council’s representatives on Thursday.

“我们希望确保在整个谈判过程中所作出的任何决定都能够充分考虑到我们地区伙伴和盟友的利益，”鲁比奥周四对海合会代表表示。

The deal should not undermine “the security, the stability, or the prosperity of any of our partners in the Gulf region,” he added.

他还表示，这项协议不应损害“海湾地区任何一个伙伴的安全、稳定和繁荣”。

Gulf Arab states have broadly welcomed efforts to end the war but remain uneasy about provisions of the preliminary agreement. The deal does not address Iran’s missile and drone programs, which Tehran used to attack Gulf countries — some hosting American military bases — after the conflict with the United States and Israel began in late February.

海湾阿拉伯国家总体上对终结战争的努力表示欢迎，但对初步协议的部分内容仍存有疑虑。协议未涉及伊朗的导弹和无人机项目——今年2月下旬美以对伊开战后，伊朗正是利用这些武器对包括驻有美国军事基地的海湾国家在内的多个目标发动了攻击。

The crucial question of how shipping will be managed through the Strait of Hormuz also remains unresolved.

霍尔木兹海峡航运管理方式这一关键问题同样悬而未决。

The naval arm of the Revolutionary Guards, in its latest threat, repeated that coordination with the guards was “mandatory” for vessels seeking to transit the strait. Iran has insisted on this since the framework U.S.-Iran peace deal was announced last week.

革命卫队海军在其最新威胁中重申，与革命卫队协调是希望通过海峡的船只“必须”做的事。自上周美伊框架和平协议宣布以来，伊朗一直坚持这一要求。

周四，鲁比奥在巴林首都麦纳麦与海湾国家外长会面。

Several container ships, some of which were stranded for more than three months, have been able to leave the Persian Gulf.

目前，已有多艘集装箱船陆续驶离波斯湾，其中有些已滞留超过三个月。

The Danish shipping giant Maersk said two of its vessels left the Gulf between late Wednesday and early Thursday after “security assessments” and consultations with regional security partners. Three Maersk vessels remain in the Gulf and are expected to leave later, the company said.

丹麦航运巨头马士基表示，其两艘船只在经过“安全评估”并与地区安全合作伙伴磋商后，于周三晚间至周四凌晨先后离开波斯湾。该公司表示，另有三艘马士基船只仍留在海湾，预计稍后也将驶离。

Since early May, the U.S. military has helped ships sail through the strait on routes close to Oman. More than 500 ships and 250 million barrels of crude have been moved under that effort, according to U.S. Central Command, which is behind the operation.

5月初以来，美国军方一直协助船只沿阿曼的航线穿越海峡。据负责该行动的美国中央司令部统计，迄今已有逾500艘船只、2.5亿桶原油借助这一行动顺利转移。

Mr. Rubio, during his meeting with Gulf Cooperation Council foreign ministers on Thursday, rejected Iran’s continued claim to control passage through the strait.

鲁比奥周四在与海合会各国外长举行的会议上明确拒绝了伊朗继续声称拥有霍尔木兹海峡通行控制权的说法。

“International waterways do not belong to any nation state,” he said. “This is a foundational principle in the world today, without which the world would be in total chaos.”

“国际水道不属于任何国家，”他说。“这是当今世界的一项基本原则，如果不是这样，世界将陷入彻底混乱。”

西瓜有多健康？

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 05:06:05 +0000

CAROLINE HOPKINS

2026年6月26日

Watermelon is the fruit of summer. In the United States, it’s more popular than cantaloupe, honeydew and all other melons combined.

西瓜是夏天的水果。在美国，它比哈密瓜、白兰瓜以及所有其他瓜类加起来还要受欢迎。

It’s good for your body, too, especially on a hot day. Here’s a rundown of watermelon’s healthiest qualities, plus some cool and delicious recipes from New York Times Cooking.

它对你的身体也很有好处，尤其是在炎热的日子里。以下概括了西瓜最健康的特性，以及一些清凉美味的纽约时报烹饪(New York Times Cooking)食谱。

It’s hydrating.

它能补水。

“Watermelon” is a fitting name, because it’s more than 91 percent water. When you eat an average-size wedge (10 ounces or so), you’re effectively drinking a full cup of water.

西瓜的英文名称watermelon（直译为“水瓜”——译注）是一个恰如其名的称呼，因为它的含水量超过91%。吃一块中等大小的西瓜（280克左右）实际上等于喝下了一整杯水。

Hydration keeps the body functioning as it should, from promoting blood flow to bowel regularity. The water in watermelon helps keep you hydrated, which can be extra beneficial in hot weather, when you lose more fluids through sweat.

补水能保持身体机能正常运转，从促进血液流动到维持正常的排便习惯。西瓜中的水分有助于保持身体水分，这在炎热的天气里可能格外有益，因为此时你通过排汗流失了更多的体液。

“Our bodies recognize and utilize water molecules regardless of the source,” said Dr. Tamara Hew-Butler, a sports medicine scientist at Wayne State University. “Moist foods like fruit, vegetables and soups are considered water sources.”

“无论来源如何，我们的身体都能识别并利用水分子，”韦恩州立大学的运动医学科学家塔玛拉·休-巴特勒博士说。“像水果、蔬菜和汤这样的含水食物都被视作水源。”

Older people, in particular, may find it easier and more enjoyable to get some of their fluids through fruit, said Amy Ellis, a dietitian and associate professor of nutrition at the University of Alabama. They tend to feel less thirsty and therefore drink less — one of the reasons they’re at a higher risk for dehydration and heat-related illness during a heat wave.

阿拉巴马大学营养学副教授兼注册营养师艾米·埃利斯表示，老年人尤其可能觉得通过水果摄入部分体液更容易、也更令人愉悦。他们往往不容易感到口渴，因此喝水较少——这也是他们在高温天气出现脱水和热相关疾病的风险更高的原因之一。

It’s not as sugary as you might think.

它的含糖量没有你想象的那么高。

Because watermelon is mostly water, it’s also low in calories — a one-cup serving has just 46.

因为西瓜大部分是水，所以热量也很低——一份一杯分量的西瓜只有46卡路里。

“Some people think it’s sky-high in sugar because it tastes so sweet, but really it’s very moderate,” Dr. Ellis said. One cup of diced watermelon contains about 9.5 grams of sugar, which is less than the 13 grams in a cup of chopped apples or the nearly 15 grams in a cup of blueberries.

“有些人认为西瓜含糖量高得惊人，因为尝起来太甜了，但实际上非常适中，”埃利斯说。一杯切丁的西瓜含有大约9.5克的糖，这少于一杯切碎的苹果中所含的13克糖，或一杯蓝莓所含的近15克糖。

That’s little enough that the fruit likely won’t cause spikes in blood sugar, added Joanne Slavin, a dietitian and professor of food science and nutrition at the University of Minnesota.

明尼苏达大学食品科学与营养学教授兼注册营养师乔安·斯拉温补充说，这是很低的含糖量，因此这种水果很可能不会引起血糖飙升。

Calories are energy, though, so watermelon alone won’t sufficiently fuel your body, said Samantha Dieras, a dietitian and the director of ambulatory nutrition services at Mount Sinai Hospital. But when you eat watermelon as part of a balanced diet, the water content and sweet flavor could help you feel satiated.

西奈山医院门诊营养服务主任兼注册营养师萨曼莎·迪拉斯表示，不过热量即是能量，因此单靠西瓜无法为你的身体提供足够的动力。但当你把西瓜作为平衡饮食的一部分来食用时，其水分含量和甜味可以帮助你获得饱腹感。

It’s heart healthy, to some degree.

它对心脏健康有一定助益。

Watermelon is fat- and sodium-free, which is good for your heart. But the jury is still out as to whether watermelon plays an active role in lowering heart disease risk, Dr. Slavin said.

西瓜不含脂肪和钠，这对你的心脏很有好处。但斯拉温说，关于西瓜是否在降低心脏病风险方面发挥积极作用，目前仍无定论。

Dr. Slavin, Dr. Ellis and Dr. Dieras all suggested that the amino acid L-citrulline and the micronutrient lycopene — both abundant in watermelon — could improve heart health. There’s a rationale for these ideas, Dr. Slavin said.

斯拉温、埃利斯和迪拉斯都表示，L-瓜氨酸和微量营养素番茄红素——这两者在西瓜中都很丰富——可以改善心脏健康。斯拉温说，这些观点是有依据的。

Scientists know that the kidneys convert L-citrulline into nitric oxide, which can relax your artery walls and lower blood pressure. And lycopene, a chemical found in certain plants, can reduce inflammation, which is linked to heart disease. People tend to associate lycopene with tomatoes, but watermelon has more.

科学家知道，肾脏会将L-瓜氨酸转化为一氧化氮，从而可以舒张你的动脉壁并降低血压。番茄红素这种在某些植物中发现的化学物质可以减轻炎症，而炎症与心脏病密切相关。人们往往将番茄红素与西红柿联系在一起，但西瓜中的含量更多。

Still, independently funded human studies directly examining watermelon’s effect on heart health have not shown measurable improvements. “Watermelon is not a magic bullet,” said Dr. Ellis, who led one of the studies. “It’s not going to displace blood pressure medication or anything like that. But if it’s incorporated into a diet with nutrient-dense foods, it may be a good thing for vascular health.”

尽管如此，直接检测西瓜对心脏健康影响的独立资助人体研究并未显示出可测量的改善。“西瓜并不是灵丹妙药，”主导了其中一项研究的埃利斯说。“它不会取代降压药或诸如此类的任何药物。但如果将它纳入富含营养成分食物的饮食中，可能对血管健康是一件好事。”

Here’s how to make the most of it.

以下是如何最大程度利用它。

Watermelon doesn’t lend itself well to canning, drying or freezing, Dr. Slavin said, so it’s harder to enjoy out of season. She thinks this is one reason the fruit is so loved.

斯拉温说，西瓜不适合做成罐头、烘干或冷冻，因此很难在反季节时享用。她认为这也是这种水果如此受人喜爱的原因之一。

“Watermelon is summer and happiness,” she said. “When someone cuts open a fresh watermelon and hands you a hunk, that’s when it’s best.”

“西瓜代表着夏天和快乐，”她说。“当有人切开一个新鲜的西瓜并递给你一大块时，那就是它最美味的时候。”

It’s also delicious in a dinner salad, soup or fizzy drink. Here are some recipes from NYT Cooking to get you started.

它在晚餐沙拉、汤或起泡饮料中也非常美味。以下是一些来自纽约时报烹饪(NYT Cooking)的食谱，可以作为你的尝试开始。

1. Farro and Watermelon Salad

1. 法罗麦西瓜沙拉

Sam Kaplan for The New York Times. Food stylist: Suzanne Lenzer. Prop stylist: Randi Brookman Harris

In this satisfying grain bowl, watermelon is paired with farro, cheese, herbs and red onion. You can substitute quicker-cooking rice or quinoa for the farro.

在这个让人产生饱腹感的谷物碗中，西瓜与法罗麦、奶酪、草本香料和红洋葱搭配在一起。你可以用煮得更快的米饭或藜麦来代替法罗麦。

• Recipe: Farro and Watermelon Salad

- 食谱：法罗麦西瓜沙拉Keep a pitcher of this chilled soup in the refrigerator for an instant meal on sweltering days. Watermelon tempers the sweetness of overripe summer tomatoes in the blended mix.

在冰箱里备上一壶这种冰镇冷汤，酷热的日子里就能随时享用。混合搅拌后，西瓜缓和了过熟的夏季西红柿的甜味。

• Recipe: Tomato-Watermelon Gazpacho With Avocado

- 食谱：牛油果西红柿西瓜冷汤

3. Country Panzanella With Watermelon Dressing

3. 配西瓜酱的乡村面包沙拉

Ryan Liebe for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Simon Andrews.

Juicy with chunks of watermelon, tomatoes and cucumber, this ultimate summer salad becomes even more refreshing with a watermelon dressing. Toasted ciabatta and crumbled feta make it filling enough to be a meal.

这款终极夏季沙拉鲜嫩多汁：大块的西瓜、西红柿和黄瓜，搭配西瓜酱后变得更加清爽。烤夏巴塔面包和碎菲达奶酪使其分量充足，足以作为一顿正餐。

• Recipe: Country Panzanella With Watermelon Dressing

- 食谱：配西瓜酱的乡村面包沙拉This savory fruit dish tossed with spicy cumin-citrus dressing could work with any fruit, but is especially good with watermelon. It’s tasty as a stand-alone snack or as a side dish.

这款与辣味孜然柑橘酱搅拌在一起的风味水果菜肴可以搭配任何水果，但与西瓜搭配尤为出色。作为单独的小吃或作为配菜都很美味。

• Recipe: Watermelon Chaat

- 食谱：西瓜恰特

5. Watermelon Ginger Beer

5. 西瓜姜汁啤酒

Kelly Marshall for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Roscoe Betsill. Prop Stylist: Paige Hicks.

Blitzing watermelon into juice is a brilliant move all summer long. Topping it off with fizzy ginger beer for a nonalcoholic spritz? Genius.

将西瓜榨成汁是夏日里的妙招。在上面倒入起泡的姜汁啤酒，做成一杯无酒精汽水？简直天才。

• Recipe: Watermelon Ginger Beer

- 食谱：西瓜姜汁啤酒

朝鲜“崔贤号”驱逐舰服役，凸显金正恩海军核武化雄心

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 04:06:02 +0000

CHOE SANG-HUN

2026年6月26日

朝中社发布的一张照片据称显示了朝鲜最高领导人金正恩（中）周二在南浦港出席新型驱逐舰“崔贤号”的服役仪式。 Korean Central News Agency, via Reuters

The ambition of North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-un, to project naval power beyond his country’s coastal waters was boosted this week when he officially commissioned the country’s first naval destroyer, which he said was armed with nuclear-capable missiles.

随着朝鲜领导人金正恩本周正式宣布该国首艘海军驱逐舰入役，并称其装备了可搭载核弹头的导弹，他将海军力量投射到本国沿海海域之外的野心进一步膨胀。

Mr. Kim attended a ceremony for the 5,000-ton Choe Hyon on Tuesday in Nampo, a port southwest of the capital, Pyongyang, according to state media. The largest warship North Korea has ever built, the vessel has come to symbolize Mr. Kim’s drive to expand and nuclearize his navy since its maiden test run in April last year.

据官方媒体报道，金正恩周二在首都平壤西南方向的港口城市南浦出席了为5000吨舰船“崔贤号”举行的仪式。作为朝鲜有史以来建造的最大战舰，该舰自去年4月进行首次试航以来，已成为金正恩扩大海军并使其核武化努力的象征。

Mr. Kim said in a speech at the ceremony that the navy was going into “full-fledged service” and that “the program of equipping the navy with nuclear weapons is following its planned course unerringly.”

金正恩在仪式的讲话中表示，海军正进入“全面服役”阶段，“海军装备核武器的计划正在准确无误地按照既定路线推进。”

North Korea’s navy has long been overshadowed by its South Korean counterpart and by U.S. naval fleets operating in the region. Its aging fleet — most vessels were designed and built during the Soviet era — has been confined largely to coastal patrols.

长期以来，朝鲜海军一直被韩国海军以及在该地区活动的美国海军舰队压制。其老化的舰队——大多数舰艇是在苏联时期设计和建造的——基本上被限制在沿海巡逻。

Mr. Kim’s naval expansion has coincided with his decision to supply weapons and troops to Russia, in support of its war against Ukraine. Russia is widely believed to be reciprocating with shipments of oil and food, as well as technology and materials to help modernize the North Korean military. South Korean analysts who observed recent missile tests conducted from the Choe Hyon said that some of the weapons, including a supersonic cruise missile, appeared to incorporate Russian technology.

金正恩的海军扩张恰逢他决定向俄罗斯提供武器和军队以支持其对乌克兰的战争。人们普遍认为，俄罗斯正通过运送石油和粮食，以及提供帮助朝鲜军队现代化的技术和材料来予以回报。观察了“崔贤号”近期进行导弹测试的韩国分析人士表示，其中一些武器（包括一款超音速巡航导弹）似乎融入了俄罗斯的技术。

Historically, North Korea’s nuclear arsenal has been built around ballistic missiles, as the country lacks nuclear-capable aircraft or submarines. In recent years, however, Mr. Kim has made the nuclearization of his navy a priority — testing submarine-launched ballistic missiles, unveiling the hull of what Pyongyang described as a nuclear-powered submarine and developing unmanned underwater vehicles that it said were capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

从历史上看，由于朝鲜缺乏具备核能力的飞机或潜艇，其核武库主要是围绕弹道导弹构建的。然而近年来，金正恩将海军核武化作为优先事项——测试潜射弹道导弹、公布平壤方面声称为核动力潜艇的船体，以及研发其声称能够携带核弹头的无人潜航器。

The destroyer program has not been without setbacks. In May last year, a second 5,000-ton destroyer — the Kang Kon — capsized during its launch from North Korea’s east coast, a humiliating failure for the regime.

驱逐舰计划并非一帆风顺。去年5月，第二艘5000吨级驱逐舰“姜健号”在朝鲜东海岸下水期间倾覆，这对朝鲜政权来说是一个屈辱的失败。

Mr. Kim said Tuesday that the Kang Kon, now salvaged and repaired, would soon be commissioned and pledged that warships would follow.

金正恩周二表示，目前已打捞并修复的“姜健号”不久后将服役，并承诺后续还会有战舰加入。

“We should build, every year, two surface ships whose class is higher than the Choe Hyon, including a 10,000-ton cruiser,” he said.

“我们应该每年建造两艘级别高于‘崔贤号’的水面舰艇，包括一艘10000吨级的巡洋舰，”他说。

North Korea routinely uses the unveiling of major weapons systems to burnish Mr. Kim’s image as a leader who has defied U.S.-led international sanctions to strengthen national security. Yet analysts noted that the Choe Hyon falls short of modern destroyer standards, lacking sophisticated missile defense radar.

朝鲜惯于利用重大武器系统的亮相来拔高金正恩的形象，将其塑造成一位无视美国主导的国际制裁以加强国家安全的领导人。然而分析人士指出，“崔贤号”并未达到现代驱逐舰的标准，缺乏先进的导弹防御雷达。

“It looks more like an attack destroyer chock-full of various missiles,” said Yang Moo-jin, a former president of the University of North Korean Studies in Seoul. “We will need to study how well such a ship would survive in modern warfare involving precision strikes and drone attacks.”

“它看起来更像是一艘塞满了各种导弹的攻击型驱逐舰，”首尔的韩国统一研究院前院长梁茂进表示。“我们需要研究这样一艘船在涉及精准打击和无人机袭击的现代战争中能有多大的生存能力。”

Nevertheless, military analysts warned that a North Korean fleet of larger, more heavily armed vessels could heighten tensions in waters around the Korean Peninsula, where the United States and its allies are already contending with an increasingly assertive Chinese military presence.

尽管如此，军事分析人士警告称，由体量更大、火力更猛的舰艇组成的朝鲜舰队可能会加剧朝鲜半岛周边海域的紧张局势，而美国及其盟友在那里已经不得不应对日益强硬的中国军事存在。

Ships like the Choe Hyon could give North Korea a mobile surface platform for launching nuclear weapons, said Hong Min, a North Korean military expert at the Korea Institute for National Unification in Seoul. Mr. Hong added that Mr. Kim may be drawing lessons from the recent crisis in the Strait of Hormuz about the strategic value of threatening major sea lanes — a concern of particular relevance to South Korea, which imports all of its oil and gas, much of it through ports near the two Koreas’ disputed western maritime border.

首尔韩国统一研究院的朝鲜军事专家洪珉表示，像“崔贤号”这样的船只可以为朝鲜发射核武器提供一个移动的水面平台。他还说，金正恩可能正从近期霍尔木兹海峡的危机中吸取关于威胁主要海上航道战略价值的教训——这一担忧对韩国尤为切身，因为韩国的所有石油和天然气都依赖进口，其中大部分是通过两国在西侧争议边界附近的港口运输的。

North Korea does not recognize the boundary, which was established by the U.S.-led United Nations Command at the close of the 1950-53 Korean War. The two Korean navies have fought several deadly skirmishes there over the decades.

朝鲜不承认这一由美国主导的联合国军司令部在1950至1953年朝鲜战争结束时划定的边界。几十年来，两国的海军在那里进行过数次致命的交火。

This week, Mr. Kim said — without elaboration — that his navy would take on “a different mission” and operate over “a different area of waters.” The era when the North Korean navy just defended its coastal waters, he declared, “has now firmly become a thing of the past.”

本周，金正恩表示他的海军将承担“不同的任务”，并在“不同的海域”开展行动，但他未作具体解释。他宣称，朝鲜海军仅仅保卫其沿海海域的时代“现在已确凿地成为过去”。

中国AI模型与Anthropic、OpenAI性能差距缩小

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 03:06:03 +0000

CADE METZ, KAREN WEISE, MEAGHAN TOBIN

2026年6月26日

Two weeks ago, the artificial intelligence company Anthropic shut down its two most powerful A.I. systems after an unexpected demand from the U.S. government to cut access to it.

两周前，在美国政府突然要求对其两款最强大的人工智能系统访问权限设限后，人工智能公司Anthropic关闭了这两个系统。

Days later, a Chinese start-up, Z.ai, released an A.I. model that is nearly as powerful as Anthropic’s models, Fable and Mythos. But Z.ai’s new technology costs much less to use, and no one in the United States was putting restrictions on it. It quickly landed on a closely watched leaderboard of the world’s 10 most popular models.

几天后，中国初创公司智谱发布了一款人工智能模型，性能几乎与Anthropic的Fable和Mythos模型相当。不过，智谱这款新技术的使用成本要低得多，且在美国不受任何限制。它很快便登上了全球最受关注的人工智能模型排行榜前十。

Z.ai is on the cutting edge of a wave of powerful but inexpensive A.I. from China that is challenging the lock that OpenAI, Anthropic and Google have had on the industry. Six of the models now on the A.I. leaderboard were developed in China.

智谱站在中国新一波高性能、低成本人工智能浪潮的最前沿，这股浪潮正在挑战OpenAI、Anthropic和谷歌长期以来对行业的主导地位。目前，全球人工智能模型排行榜中有六款来自中国。

Z.ai’s new model, GLM-5.2, arrived just as U.S. businesses realized that they had to find ways to cut down on how much they were spending on A.I. It also landed when executives in Silicon Valley were becoming worried that the Trump administration was leaning toward regulating the technology.

智谱的新模型GLM-5.2发布之际，美国企业已意识到必须压缩人工智能开支。与此同时，硅谷高管们也越来越担心，特朗普政府正倾向于加强对人工智能行业的监管。

“With Fable restricted, the gap between the U.S. and China is very slim,” said Rehaan Ahmad, a co-founder of the Silicon Valley start-up alphaXiv, who has been using Z.ai’s new model for more than a week.

“随着Fable受到限制，美中之间的差距已经微乎其微，”硅谷初创公司alphaXiv联合创始人里汉·艾哈迈德说道。过去一周多来，他一直在使用智谱的新模型。

The Chinese models still face two big hurdles to widespread use in the United States: concerns about their ties to the Chinese government and complaints that Chinese companies have unfairly used American technology to build these cheaper models. But their low cost is winning converts.

不过，中国模型在美国广泛普及仍面临两大障碍：一是人们担心它们与中国政府关系密切；二是有人指责中国企业利用美国技术、以不公平的方式开发出这些成本更低的模型。但它们低廉的价格仍不断吸引新的用户。

About 18 months ago, the Chinese start-up DeepSeek shocked Silicon Valley when it demonstrated that it could build effective A.I. far more affordably than many of its American counterparts. Z.ai is doing something similar. When performing certain tasks, GLM-5.2 costs about an eighth as much as Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.8, which came out shortly before Fable and Mythos, according to OpenRouter, a start-up that runs the A.I. leaderboard.

大约一年半前，中国初创公司DeepSeek令硅谷大为震惊，它证明自己能够以远低于许多美国同行的成本构建高性能的人工智能系统。如今，智谱正在做类似的事情。根据运营人工智能排行榜的初创公司OpenRouter的数据，在处理某些任务时，GLM-5.2的使用成本仅为Anthropic此前推出的Claude Opus 4.8的约八分之一。Claude Opus 4.8的发布时间略早于Fable和Mythos。

Like most top-performing Chinese models, GLM-5.2 is open source software, which means anyone can use and modify it for free. That makes it much cheaper to use, even if it is not quite as powerful as what American companies have created.

与大多数顶级中国模型一样，GLM-5.2页是开源软件，这意味着任何人均可免费使用和修改。这使得其使用成本大大降低，即使其性能可能不如美国公司的产品。

“Do you need to drive a Ferrari everywhere?” asked Vivek Ramaswami, a start-up investor at Madrona Venture Group. “Probably not.”

“你有必要去哪儿都开法拉利吗？”麦德罗纳风险投资集团的创业投资人初创投资人维韦克·拉马斯瓦米问道。“恐怕不会吧。”

Z.ai did not respond to requests for comment.

智谱未回应置评请求。

ArenaAI的首席执行官阿纳斯塔西奥斯·安杰洛普洛斯表示，智谱的技术尤其受从事人工智能代理开发人员的欢迎。 Brennan Smart for The New York Times

GLM-5.2 is particularly good at generating computer code and powering A.I. agents, digital assistants that can use other software to perform tasks. Z.ai’s technology is now the third most widely used in the world for A.I. tasks, said Anastasios Angelopoulos, chief executive of ArenaAI, which tracks millions of A.I. users.

GLM-5.2在生成计算机代码和驱动人工智能代理（能够调用其他软件执行任务的数字助手）方面尤为出色。ArenaAI首席执行官阿纳斯塔西奥斯·安杰洛普洛斯表示，智谱的技术目前在全球人工智能任务使用量中排名第三。ArenaAI追踪数百万人工智能用户。

The largest cloud computing providers, including Microsoft and Amazon, already offer access to some systems from Z.ai, DeepSeek, MiniMax and other Chinese start-ups. Microsoft has also considered adding the latest DeepSeek model as an option to power one of its own products, which now runs on technology from Anthropic and OpenAI, two people familiar with the deliberations said, speaking on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss them publicly.

包括微软和亚马逊在内的大型云计算提供商已在提供对智谱、DeepSeek、MiniMax等中国初创企业旗下部分系统的访问服务。两名不便具名的知情人士还透露，微软也在考虑将DeepSeek最新模型加入自家某款产品，作为Anthropic和OpenAI技术之外的另一种选择。

The talks were reported earlier by Axios.

Axios此前率先报道了这一消息

Microsoft, Anthropic and OpenAI declined to comment.

微软、Anthropic和OpenAI均拒绝置评。

Some software developers are reluctant to use the A.I. system that Z.ai offers from computers in China, because they worry about sharing data with the company or with the Chinese government. They are also wary of China’s efforts to censor its A.I. systems or running afoul of U.S. export restrictions.

一些软件开发人员不愿使用智谱在中国境内计算机上提供的人工智能系统，因为他们担心与该公司或中国政府共享数据。此外，他们也顾虑中国对人工智能内容的审查，以及可能触犯美国出口管制规定。

Z.ai was added to the Commerce Department’s trade blacklist in 2025. Corporate filings show that several of the company’s shareholders are controlled by a Chinese government agency that supervises the country’s defense industry.

2025年，美国商务部将智谱列入实体清单。公司文件显示，该公司数名股东受中国一家监管国防工业的政府机构控制。

Companies can still use the model without sending data back to China in violation of U.S. export rules, as long as they are careful about how they set up their systems, said Wei Chen, chief legal officer at Infoblox, a network security company.

网络安全公司Infoblox首席法务官陈玮（音）表示，只要在系统设置上谨慎操作，企业仍可在不将数据传回中国、不违反美国出口法规的前提下使用这一模型。

“The Chinese models do not have the same restrictions if you host them yourself or you go through another provider,” Mr. Ahmad of alphaXiv said. “Right now, there are more restrictions on models from Anthropic.”

初创公司alphaXiv的艾哈迈德说：“如果你自己部署这些中国模型，或者通过第三方服务商使用它们，它们就没有那些限制。现在，反倒是Anthropic的模型受到更多限制。”

After DeepSeek’s release in 2025, governments around the world passed regulations limiting its use because of data security concerns. But so far, GLM-5.2 has not raised similar alarms, Ms. Chen said.

在DeepSeek于2025年发布后，世界各国出于数据安全担忧出台了限制其使用的法规。但陈玮表示，到目前为止，GLM-5.2尚未引发类似的担忧。

DeepSeek的人工智能助手性能曾震惊硅谷。

Anthropic and OpenAI have accused Chinese companies of improperly harvesting data from their A.I. systems to accelerate the development of the Chinese technology. On Wednesday, Anthropic sent a letter, viewed by The New York Times, to Senators Tim Scott, Republican of South Carolina, and Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, accusing the Chinese tech giant Alibaba of “brazenly” and “illicitly” trying to copy its technology through 24,000 fraudulent accounts.

Anthropic和OpenAI均指控中国企业不当收集其人工智能系统的数据，以加速中国技术的发展。周三，Anthropic致信南卡罗来纳州共和党参议员蒂姆·斯科特和马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦（《纽约时报》已看到了这封信），指控中国科技巨头阿里巴巴通过2.4万个虚假账户“肆无忌惮地”和“非法地”试图复制其技术。

Alibaba declined to comment.

阿里巴巴拒绝置评。

When Mustafa Suleyman, the head of Microsoft’s A.I. lab, unveiled a suite of new models this month, he emphasized that they had been built from scratch on data that the company had commercially licensed.

本月，微软人工智能实验室负责人穆斯塔法·苏雷曼在发一系列新模型时强调，这些模型是基于公司已获得商业许可的数据从头开始构建的。

“That means that you can put it into production in a very trustworthy way with complete confidence,” he said.

“这意味着你可以完全放心地、以值得信赖的方式将其投入生产，”他说。

(The Times has sued OpenAI and its partner, Microsoft, accusing them of copyright infringement of news content related to A.I. systems. They have denied those claims.)

（《纽约时报》已起诉OpenAI及其合作伙伴微软，指控二者未经授权使用新闻内容训练人工智能系统。两家公司均否认这些指控。）

Using data from one system to train another — a process called distillation — is common in A.I. development. But the Anthropic and OpenAI terms of service forbid anyone to surreptitiously harvest data for distillation. It is not clear whether Z.ai used distillation in the development of its technology.

利用一个系统的数据训练另一个系统——即所谓的"蒸馏"——在人工智能开发领域颇为常见。但Anthropic和OpenAI的服务条款明确禁止任何人私自收集数据用于蒸馏。目前尚不清楚智谱在开发其技术时是否使用了蒸馏手段。

But distillation alone cannot build a top A.I. system. That requires several other complex techniques as well, said Charles O’Neill, head of model training at Baseten, a company that sells access to GLM-5.2.

提供GLM-5.2访问服务的公司Baseten的模型训练负责人查尔斯·奥尼尔表示，仅靠蒸馏并不足以打造出一流的人工智能系统，还需要多种其他复杂技术的配合。

“This narrative that all of the capabilities of these models are coming from Anthropic is not as true as people say it is,” Mr. O’Neill said.

奥尼尔说：“那种认为这些模型的所有能力都源自Anthropic的说法并非人们所说的那样属实。”

Baseten公司的模型训练负责人查尔斯·奥尼尔表示，开发智谱这样的顶级人工智能系统需要多种复杂技术的配合。 Justin T. Gellerson for The New York Times

Chinese A.I. start-ups can offer their models as an open-source technology at far lower prices in part because the industry has benefited from years of support from the Chinese government, which views A.I. as a critical engine of economic growth.

中国的人工智能初创企业之所以能以远低于其他行业的价格提供开源技术模型，部分原因是该行业多年来受益于中国政府的支持，中国政府将人工智能视为推动经济增长的关键引擎。

Many executives have said U.S. companies should not open-source their technology because it could be used in harmful situations. But other experts argue that if regulators stifle open-source technology in the United States, China will gain a significant edge.

许多高管表示，美国公司不应将技术开源，因为这可能被用于有害用途。但另一些专家认为，若监管机构在美国压制开源技术，中国将因此获得巨大的竞争优势。

Because China produces most of the top-performing open-source systems, they say, U.S. developers will build their software atop those technologies. In the long run, that could put China at the heart of A.I. development.

这些专家指出，由于目前大多数性能领先的开源模型都来自中国，美国开发者未来很可能会建立在这些中国模型之上开发软件。从长远来看，这可能使中国成为全球人工智能发展的核心。

Some argue that Chinese systems will always trail the top U.S. models because U.S. export controls limit the flow of the specialized computer chips needed to train A.I. technologies. Z.ai and other Chinese start-ups spend millions for access to chips in data centers outside China.

也有人认为，由于美国出口管制限制了训练人工智能所需高端芯片的供应，中国模型始终会落后于美国最先进的模型。智谱和其他中国初创公司不得不花费巨资租用中国境外数据中心的芯片资源。

Z.ai’s filings in Hong Kong show that in the first half of 2025, the company spent more than seven times its revenue on expenses that essentially boiled down to fees for such computing services.

智谱在香港的备案文件显示，2025年上半年，公司用于计算服务的支出超过营收的七倍，这些费用本质上就是支付给境外算力提供商的计算资源成本。

智谱迅速在美国的软件开发人员中流行开来。

Still, experts estimate that China is just six months or less behind the American companies.

尽管如此，专家估计中国落后美国公司的差距已经缩小到六个月甚至更少。

“There had been this speculation that the export controls would eventually bite and the gap would widen between American frontier models and their Chinese models, but GLM is pushing things in the other direction,” said Jeffrey Ding, an assistant professor at George Washington University who specializes in emerging technology and international relations.

“此前有种猜测认为，随着出口管制逐渐发挥作用，美国前沿模型与中国模型之间的差距将持续扩大，但GLM正在将局面推向相反方向，”乔治华盛顿大学专门研究新兴技术与国际关系的助理教授杰弗里·丁（音）表示。

And with Fable and Mythos sidelined, many businesses have realized the importance of having alternatives.

随着Fable和Mythos暂时退出市场，越来越多企业意识到替代方案的重要性。

“There is a bit of apprehension at large organizations about loyalty,” said Justin Summerville, who runs data analytics at OpenRouter. “Who knows what the top model will be in three weeks?”

“大型组织对‘忠诚’多少有些顾虑，”OpenRouter的数据分析负责人贾斯汀·萨默维尔说，“谁知道三周后最好的模型会是哪个？”

一项关于癌症治疗时机的中国研究被《自然-医学》撤稿

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 02:36:01 +0000

REBECCA ROBBINS

2026年6月26日

《自然-医学》撤回了一项研究，该研究发现癌症治疗若在上午进行，疗效将大幅提升。 Jenny Kane/Associated Press

Early this year, a medical journal article caught the attention of cancer patients and doctors worldwide because of its extraordinary conclusion. Simply changing the time of day that immunotherapy was administered appeared to produce a stunning benefit for lung cancer patients.

今年初，一篇发表在医学期刊上的文章因其惊人的结论引起了全球癌症患者和医生的关注。仅仅改变免疫疗法的给药时间，似乎就能为肺癌患者带来意想不到的巨大益处。

Those who received IV infusions in the morning had their cancer kept at bay for twice as long as those who got it in the afternoon, according to the results from a clinical trial in China and published in the journal Nature Medicine in February. The study also reported that the patients lived nearly twice as long.

根据在中国进行的一项临床试验结果，上午接受静脉输注的患者癌症得到控制的时间是下午接受输注患者的两倍。该研究于今年2月发表在《自然-医学》期刊上。研究还指出，这些患者的存活时间也延长了近两倍。

Several oncologists said that in recent months they and their hospitals had received a flurry of calls from patients inquiring about switching to morning infusions.

几位肿瘤科医生表示，近几个月来，他们和各自所在医院接到了大量患者的电话，咨询是否可以改在上午进行输注。

But on Wednesday, Nature Medicine retracted the study, citing a list of inconsistencies and irregularities in the trial’s design and results.

但在周三，《自然-医学》撤回了该研究，理由是其试验设计和结果存在一系列矛盾和不规范之处。

“It was too good to be true,” said Dr. Toni Choueiri, an oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston who helped conduct the post-publication review that led to the retraction.

“好得让人不敢相信是真的，”波士顿丹娜-法伯癌症研究所的肿瘤科医生托尼·肖埃里博士说，他协助进行了导致此次撤稿的发表后审查。

Among the issues that the journal cited in its retraction notice: Records that were supposed to be locked before the study started were changed midway through. There were discrepancies between the Chinese version of the study’s plan and the translated version. Every patient remained treated and tracked in the study’s first year, and no one dropped out because of side effects — highly unusual in an oncology study. And unusual patterns were found in the timing of follow-up scans.

该期刊在其撤稿声明中列举的问题包括：原本应该在研究开始前锁定的记录在进行到一半时被修改了；该研究计划的中文版本与翻译版本之间存在差异；所有患者在研究的第一年都接受了治疗和随访，没有人因副作用而退出——这在肿瘤学研究中极为罕见；此外，随访扫描的时间安排也发现了异常模式。

“Due to the amount and nature of the problems identified, the editors no longer have confidence in the integrity of the results,” the journal said.

该期刊表示：“鉴于所发现问题的数量及其性质，编辑们对结果的可靠性失去信心。”

Most of the study’s 28 authors were in China, with several collaborators in Europe. The study was funded by the Chinese government.

该研究的28位作者大多在中国，还有几位欧洲的合作者。该研究由中国政府资助。

China has been pumping money into its hospitals and drug companies, fueling a surge of patents, publications and new clinical trials. In just a few years, the country has rapidly transformed into a powerhouse in drug development, a shift that some U.S. officials, doctors and executives see as a threat to longstanding American dominance in the field.

中国一直在向其医院和制药公司注入资金，推动了专利、出版物和新临床试验的激增。在短短几年内，该国已迅速转型为药物研发的核心力量，一些美国官员、医生和高管将这一转变视为对美国在该领域长期主导地位的威胁。

China’s critics often question the reliability of its biomedical research. Experts said that, similar to studies in the United States, China’s research output spans a wide range in quality: Some Chinese scientists run their studies at the most meticulous standards. Others were said to cut corners.

批评人士常质疑中国生物医学研究的可靠性。专家表示，与美国的研究类似，中国的研究产出在质量上差异很大：一些中国科学家以最严谨的标准开展研究，而另一些人则被指走捷径。

Dr. Yongchang Zhang, the study’s senior author, said in a statement that an internal review had “confirmed that part of the study execution and manuscript preparation might not reach the standards for publication in a high-impact journal.”

该研究的资深作者张永昌博士在一份声明中表示，内部审查“确认了部分研究执行和手稿准备工作可能未达到在高影响因子期刊上发表的标准”。

Dr. Zhang, a researcher at the Chinese hospital where the study was conducted, added: “We acknowledge these shortcomings and sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused to the journal and its readers.” He did not provide an explanation for the problems cited by the journal.

这位供职于该医院的研究员还表示：“我们承认这些不足，并对给期刊及其读者带来的任何不便深表歉意。”他没有对期刊提出的问题做出解释。

The study had enrolled 210 patients with advanced lung cancer at Hunan Cancer Hospital in Changsha, a city in south-central China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive infusions of an immunotherapy — Merck’s blockbuster drug Keytruda or Tyvyt, which is not approved in the United States — either before or after 3 p.m.

该研究在中国中南部城市长沙的湖南省肿瘤医院招募了210名晚期肺癌患者。患者被随机分配在下午3点之前或之后接受免疫疗法输注——使用的是默克公司的重磅药物可瑞达(Keytruda)，或未在美国获批的达伯舒(Tyvyt)。

The study reported that tumors did not progress for 11 months in patients who received the earlier infusions, compared with six months for those given the later infusions. Patients receiving the earlier infusions lived for 28 months, compared with 17 months for those infused later in the day.

研究报告称，接受较早输注的患者肿瘤在11个月内没有进展，而接受较晚输注的患者肿瘤进展时间为六个月。接受较早输注的患者存活了28个月，而当天较晚接受输注的患者存活了17个月。

Those “were numbers we usually associate with new blockbuster drugs, not scheduling decisions,” wrote Dr. Gilberto Lopes, an oncologist at the University of Miami. And rescheduling a patient “costs nothing,” he noted.

迈阿密大学的肿瘤科医生吉尔伯托·洛佩斯博士写道，这些“通常是我们与新的重磅药物联系在一起的数字，而不是日程安排的决定”。他还指出，重新调整患者的日程“不需要任何成本”。

Dr. Anil Makam, an epidemiologist and health services researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, said such a drastic benefit, if real, would have prompted infusion clinics to overhaul staffing and scheduling to shift appointments to earlier in the day.

加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的流行病学和卫生服务研究员阿尼尔·马卡姆博士表示，这种巨大的益处如果是真实的，将会促使输注诊所彻底改革人员配置和日程安排，将预约时间提前。

“If we believed the effects, it would be malpractice not to,” he said.

“如果我们相信这些效果，不这样做就是失职，”他说。

But within days after the study’s publication in Nature Medicine, online sleuths and physicians like Dr. Makam began raising concerns on social media and in blog posts. Less than three weeks after the study was published, the journal published an editor’s note saying it was investigating the issues.

但在研究发表于《自然-医学》后的几天内，网络侦探和像马卡姆博士这样的医生开始在社交媒体和博客文章中提出质疑。在研究发表后不到三周，该期刊发表了一份编辑说明，表示正在对这些问题展开调查。

In a statement on Thursday, Dr. João Monteiro, chief editor of Nature Medicine, which is published by Springer Nature, said, “We are grateful to the research community for bringing these concerns to our attention.”

由施普林格·自然出版的《自然-医学》的主编若昂·蒙泰罗博士在周四的一份声明中表示：“我们感谢研究界向我们提出这些担忧。”

Some scientists have long been intrigued by the idea of harnessing the body’s circadian rhythms to try to make drugs more effective or less toxic. For example, enzymes that the body uses to break down certain medicines are more abundant at certain times of day.

长期以来，一些科学家一直对利用人体的昼夜节律来试图让药物更有效或降低毒性的想法很感兴趣。例如，人体用来分解某些药物的酶在一天中的某些时间段更为丰富。

But critics of the Chinese study argued that immunotherapy works very differently from fast-acting drugs like Tylenol. The drug Keytruda lingers in the body and takes effect over several weeks. The study did not identify a biological reason for a difference in treatment timing that would produce such a significant benefit.

但对这项中国研究的批评者认为，免疫疗法的工作原理与泰诺等速效药物非常不同。可瑞达会残留在体内，并在几周内持续发挥作用。该研究并未找出治疗时间差异能产生如此显著益处的生物学原因。

“There wasn’t any sound scientific rationale behind it,” said Dr. Roy Herbst, the incoming director of the Dartmouth Cancer Center in New Hampshire and Vermont.

“这背后没有任何合理的科学依据，”新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州达特茅斯癌症中心候任主任罗伊·赫伯斯特博士说。

In March, a team led by European researchers reported the findings of an analysis that looked at whether more than 3,000 cancer patients across eight studies had received immunotherapy in the morning or the afternoon. Their study, funded by the drugmaker Roche, which sells a number of cancer drugs, concluded that timing was “unlikely to be a critical determinant” of how well patients did.

3月份，一个由欧洲研究人员领导的团队报告了一项分析结果，该分析调查了八项研究中3000多名癌症患者是在上午还是下午接受免疫疗法的。他们的研究由销售多种癌症药物的制药商罗氏资助，结论是时间安排“不太可能是决定患者预后好坏的关键因素”。

Other studies looking back at outcomes have found an association between the time of day that patients receive a cancer immunotherapy and how well they fare. But the why remains unclear.

其他回顾过往结果的研究也发现患者接受癌症免疫疗法的时间与他们的预后之间存在某种关联。但其中的原因仍不清楚。

Doctors said it was possible that more energetic, healthier patients might opt for morning slots. Poorer or rural patients who live far from an infusion center — and tend to fare worse — might ask for afternoon slots because they need to spend the morning traveling to their appointment.

医生们表示，这有可能是精力更充沛、更健康的患者会选择上午的时间段。而住在远离输注中心、且往往预后较差的贫困或农村患者可能会要求选择下午的时间段，因为他们需要花整个上午的时间在赶往预约的路上。

重庆男子虐狗引发抗议，示威者呼吁制定反虐待动物法律

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 01:06:03 +0000

MURPHY ZHAO, 郭莉莉

2026年6月26日

Video obtained by The New York Times

In the video, a man stands on a balcony at night hitting a puppy as it lets out sharp shrieks. He gruffly carries the dog back inside by its neck.

在视频中，一名男子夜间在阳台殴打一只小狗，小狗发出尖锐的惨叫声。他粗鲁地揪着狗的脖子把它提回了室内。

The scene in the southwestern Chinese city of Chongqing was captured by a neighbor and posted on social media this month. The video prompted concerned residents to go to the man’s apartment, where they confronted him and rescued three abused puppies, according to videos posted on social media. Within days, hundreds of people had gathered outside his apartment, in a rare display of activism that resulted in violent clashes with the police, as the local authorities tried to suppress the demonstration.

这一发生在中国西南城市重庆的事件被一名邻居拍下，并于本月发布在社交媒体上。视频促使关切的居民前往该男子的公寓，在现场与他对质，并救出了三只遭受虐待的小狗。几天之内，数百人聚集在他的公寓外，并在当地官方试图压制示威活动时与警方发生了暴力冲突。这是一次罕见的公民行动。

The man, a 39-year-old surnamed Li, was detained, according to a statement by the police in Liangjiang New District, which added that he had adopted dogs under false pretenses and abused them, causing injury and even death.

根据两江新区警方的一份声明，这名姓李的39岁居民目前已被拘留，并称他谎称收养犬只，进而对其进行虐待，导致犬只受伤甚至死亡。

Three dogs belonging to Mr. Li were sent to an animal shelter and a veterinary hospital, the local authorities said in a statement. One of them had several fractured bones, a severed tail and broken teeth, the puppy’s former owner, who helped rescue the dog, told Xinkuaibao, a local media outlet. The other two were severely malnourished and suffered from hypothermia, according to a social media post by the animal shelter Wangwang Home, which took the two dogs.

当地官方在一份声明中表示，属于李姓男子的三只狗已被送往一家动物收容所和一家宠物医院。其中一只小狗的前主人在参与救援后告诉本地媒体《新快报》，这只小狗多处骨折，尾巴被截断，牙齿被打碎。接纳了另外两只狗的动物收容所“旺旺家园”在社交媒体发帖称，它们严重营养不良，并存在失温的情况。

Because China does not have dedicated animal protection laws, the most serious charge Mr. Li could face would likely be for disrupting public order, which carries a maximum punishment of 15 days’ detention.

由于中国没有专门的动物保护法，李先生可能面临的最严重指控是扰乱公共秩序，最高惩罚为拘留15天。

This is the latest case of animal abuse in China that has spurred citizen outrage and calls for laws prohibiting animal cruelty. The incident underscores how Chinese citizens, especially young people, are making demands of their leaders, even as the authorities repress civic activism by breaking up gatherings and censoring videos and online discussion.

这是在中国引发公民愤怒并呼吁制定反虐待动物法律的最新一起虐待动物案件。事件凸显了中国公民——特别是年轻人——正在向他们的领导人提出诉求，即便官方通过驱散集会以及审查视频和在线讨论来压制公民行动。

Hundreds of residents, including some who had traveled from outside of Chongqing, staged a days-long sit-in outside of Mr. Li’s apartment.

数百名居民——包括一些从重庆以外地区赶来的民众——在李先生的公寓外进行了长达数天的静坐抗议。

The demonstrators — many of them young women, along with older residents and parents with children — held posters that read “Protect Animals” and “Stop Animal Abuse.” Supporters who could not attend in person sent food, water, stools to sit on, sleeping bags and dog food through delivery apps. Many brought their own pets to the site and shared stories about animal companionship. When Mr. Li’s apartment compound blocked more people from entering, demonstrators gathered across the street.

许多示威者是年轻女性，还有年长的居民以及带着孩子的家长，他们手持写有“保护动物”和“停止虐待动物”的标语牌。无法亲临现场的支持者通过外卖软件送来了食物、饮用水、供休息的凳子、睡袋和狗粮。许多人带着自己的宠物来到现场，分享人与动物相伴的故事。当李姓男子的公寓小区阻止更多人进入时，示威者便聚集在马路对面。

Run Gao, a Chongqing pet owner who joined the gathering, said he was “absolutely furious” after seeing videos of how Mr. Li treated his dogs. “I’ve never seen such scum,” he said by phone. “If this had happened to my cats and dog, I would have fought him to the death.”

参与聚集的重庆宠物主人高润（音）表示，在看到李先生如何对待其犬只的视频后，他感到“极其愤怒”。“我从没见过这样的败类，”他在电话中说。“如果这发生在我的猫狗身上，我会和他拼命。”

“I didn’t do anything special, I just spoke up for these voiceless animals,” he said. “I hope that all living things can be treated equally.”

“我没做什么特别的事，我只是为这些无法发声的动物说话，”他说。“我希望所有的生命都能被平等对待。”

The authorities moved to break up the peaceful gathering. Videos showed women being shoved and pinned to the ground by the police. Witnesses said that more than 10 people were taken away.

官方采取行动驱散了和平聚集的人群。视频显示，有女性被警方推搡并按倒在地。目击者称，有10多人被带走。

After those clashes, the demonstrators began chanting at officials at the site, demanding the release of protesters who were taken away, and sang China’s national anthem. In the early hours of June 11, four days after the demonstration began, police removed the rest of the group, detaining more demonstrators and erecting metal barricades to seal off the sit-in area.

在这些冲突发生后，示威者开始向现场官员高喊口号，要求释放被带走的抗议者，并齐唱了中国国歌。在6月11日凌晨，即示威开始四天后，警方驱离了其余人员，拘留了更多示威者，并树立起金属围栏以封锁静坐区域。

The case has continued to garner national attention, despite official efforts to suppress discussion of it. The original video of Mr. Li beating his dog has been deleted from social media, while videos and posts about the gathering have disappeared from the internet. A veterinary hospital that adopted the puppy with the broken bones and severed tail, and had been posting livestreams of its recovery, is no longer able to.

尽管官方努力压制相关讨论，此事仍继续引发全社会的关注。李先生殴打其犬只的原始视频已被删除，而关于聚集的视频和帖子也从互联网上消失了。收治了那只骨折且尾巴被截断小狗的宠物医院此前一直在发布其恢复情况的直播，如今也已不再继续。

While several hashtags related to the incident were removed from the social media platform Weibo, one hashtag related to the suspect’s detention has attracted more than 67 million views, with many comments calling for Mr. Li’s punishment and for animal protection legislation.

尽管与该事件相关的几个标签在社交媒体平台微博上被删除，但一个与嫌疑人被拘相关的标签已吸引了超过6700万次的浏览量，许多评论呼吁惩罚李先生并制定动物保护法。

Animal welfare advocates in China have pushed for legislation against abuse for more than a decade.

中国的动物福利倡导者推动反虐待立法的努力已持续了十多年。

Economic considerations surrounding the animal farming industry remain the biggest obstacle to such laws, said Ying Xia, an assistant professor of law at the University of Hong Kong who has researched animal protection in China. “Stricter regulations would drive up their breeding and operating costs,” she added.

香港大学研究中国动物保护的法律助理教授夏颖表示，围绕动物养殖业的经济考量仍然是此类法律面临的最大障碍。“更严格的监管将推高繁育和运营成本，”她补充道。

China’s livestock industry generated about 11 million jobs and more than $520 billion in output last year, according to government statistics.

根据政府统计数据，中国的畜牧业去年创造了约1100万个就业岗位和超过5200亿美元的产值。

Ms. Xia noted that animal protection cases that make their way through the legal system are typically argued by emphasizing the animals’ value to humans.

夏颖指出，最终得以进入法律程序的动物保护案件，在庭辩中通常会强调动物对人类的价值。

Over the past 15 years, the rise of pet ownership has shifted how many people view animals — from food or beasts of burden to companions, said Deborah Cao, a professor specializing in animal law at Griffith University in Australia. As China has become wealthier and as its middle class has expanded, concern for animal welfare has also increased.

澳大利亚格里菲斯大学专注于动物法的教授曹菡艾(Deborah Cao)表示，在过去15年里，宠物拥有率的上升改变了许多人看待动物的方式——从食物或役畜转变为伙伴。随着中国变得更加富裕以及中产阶级的扩大，对动物福利的关注也在增加。

In China’s first criminal case involving pet poisoning, a man was sentenced in 2025 to four years in prison for intentionally releasing hazardous substances after he left pesticides in public areas of a Beijing neighborhood, killing nine pet dogs and two stray cats.

在中国首例涉及宠物投毒的刑事案件中，一名男子于2025年被判处四年监禁，原因是他蓄意投放危险物质，在北京一处社区的公共区域投下农药，导致九只宠物狗和两只流浪猫死亡。

The police recently opened a criminal investigation over a popular Border collie, which had 1.5 million online followers. The dog was abducted and later slaughtered for food, according to the police in Ningling County in Henan Province, where the dog and its owner lived. According to the owner, the police accepted the case on the basis that it qualified as theft due to the dog’s commercial value.

警方近期针对一只拥有150万在线粉丝的知名边境牧羊犬立案展开刑事调查。据该犬及其主人居住的河南省宁陵县警方称，该犬被拐走后遭宰杀食用。据狗主称，警方受理此案的依据是，鉴于该犬只的商业价值，此案符合盗窃的标准。

Some cities, including Chongqing, have local regulations prohibiting dog abuse, but they lack penalties and are rarely enforced. In April, a student in the southwestern city of Ganzhou was accused of skinning cats and harassing animal-welfare volunteers. He was later expelled by his university, but faced no further charges.

包括重庆在内的一些城市设有禁止虐狗的地方性法规，但它们缺乏处罚手段且极少执行。4月，在西南城市赣州，一名学生被指将猫剥皮并骚扰动物福利志愿者。他随后被其所在大学开除，但未面临进一步的指控。

According to Diana Fu, a political scientist at the Brookings Institution who studies dissent in China, the protest in Chongqing was an example of a shift toward “post-material demands” — a departure from past protests that were traditionally about work, wages or livelihoods.

布鲁金斯学会研究中国抗议活动的政治学家戴安娜·傅表示，重庆的抗议活动是向“后物质需求”转变的一个例子——这有别于过去关于工作、工资或生计的那类传统的抗议。

Participants who spoke to The New York Times and supporters on social media both emphasized that their gathering was “voluntary” and “unorganized.”

接受《纽约时报》采访的参与者以及社交媒体上的支持者均强调，他们的聚集是“自发的”和“无组织的”。

Dr. Fu said the demonstrators were likely aware of the government’s deep suspicion of coordinated civil society movements — a wariness that developed especially after the 1989 Tiananmen protests. Under President Xi Jinping, Beijing often blames social disturbances on Western forces manipulating Chinese citizens, she said.

戴安娜·傅说，示威者很可能意识到了政府对有组织的民间社会运动的极度警惕——1989年天安门抗议后，这种警惕愈发强烈。她说，在习近平主席治下，北京方面经常将社会动荡归咎于西方力量操纵中国公民。

“The last thing the animal-rights protesters want is to be labeled as being manipulated by external forces,” she said.

“动物权利抗议者最不希望看到的就是被贴上受境外势力操纵的标签，”她说。

For many, the sit-in outside of Mr. Li’s apartment was the first time they had taken part in a civic action. Gloria Li, a local resident and volunteer who helps rescue stray animals, said she had never been involved in anything like the gathering before. She and other participants distributed food and drinks to demonstrators, as well as to residents living nearby, sanitation workers and security guards assigned to monitor the group.

对许多人来说，在李先生公寓外的静坐是他们第一次参与公民行动。当地居民兼协助救援流浪动物的志愿者格洛丽亚·李表示，她以前从未参与过像这样的聚集。她和其他参与者向示威者以及居住在附近的居民、环卫工人和被指派监视该人群的安全人员分发了食物和饮料。

When Ms. Li saw new participants standing timidly on the fringes of the crowd, she would approach them and point out stools for them to sit on.

当李女士看到新加入的参与者怯生生地站在人群边缘时，她会走上前去，为他们指明可以坐的凳子。

“I know very well that this may lead nowhere, but I still feel that someone has to speak up and resist,” she said. “That’s how society becomes better.”

“我非常清楚这可能不会带来任何结果，但我仍然觉得必须有人站出来发声并进行抗拒，”她说。“社会就是这样变得更好的。”

一场末日浩劫：被世界遗忘的缅甸内战

Thu, 25 Jun 2026 07:06:02 +0000

HANNAH BEECH

2026年6月25日

在一条被遗忘的前线上，反抗军在丛林深处作战。 Daniel Berehulak/The New York Times

From a lonely hilltop in Myanmar, an unlikely commander peered at the enemy on the next crest. He squinted through dust-covered glasses. As the wind whipped up dry earth, Dr. Lone Lone, a rebel leader of five years’ vintage, swallowed a cough, then emitted a slight wheeze.

在缅甸一座孤零零的山头上，一位看上去并不像军官的指挥官正凝视着毗邻山脊上的敌人。他透过沾满灰尘的眼镜眯起眼睛。随着风刮起干燥的泥土，有着五年资历的反抗军领袖能能医生压下了自己的咳嗽，发出一声轻微的喘息。

His men saluted. Their bearing was impeccable, even if their weaponry was not.

他的部下向他敬礼。他们的军姿无可挑剔，尽管他们的武器装备并非如此。

Throughout Myanmar’s heartland, where a civil war rages fierce and forgotten, rebel groups are outgunned and undermanned. The civilians who support them face unrelenting raids by the military, which abruptly ended a brief period of electoral governance with a coup in 2021. Myanmar’s generals returned the country to full army dictatorship, fractured the nation and ignited a humanitarian crisis.

在缅甸腹地，一场激烈但不受关注的内战正在肆虐，反抗军组织在武器和人力上都处于劣势。支持他们的平民面临军方无休止的袭击，军方在2021年通过一场政变突然结束了短暂的民选政府治理。缅甸的将军们让国家重新回到了完全的军队独裁统治，使国家陷入分裂并导致人道主义危机。

Far from the spotlight fixed on Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon and other global conflicts, Myanmar, a Southeast Asian nation of about 50 million people, has quietly collapsed.

在伊朗、乌克兰、黎巴嫩和其他全球冲突的聚光灯之外，缅甸这个有约5000万人口的东南亚国家已在悄无声息中崩溃。

Recently, The New York Times photographer Daniel Berehulak and I traveled with Dr. Lone Lone to a rebel-held region. It was in Anyar, a part of central Myanmar where the rebels say no foreign journalists had gone since the military toppled the civilian government and erased political and economic reforms.

近期，《纽约时报》摄影记者丹尼尔·贝雷胡拉克(Daniel Berehulak)和我随同能能医生前往一个由反抗军控制的地区。它位于缅甸中部的阿尼亚，反抗军表示，自军方推翻文职政府、抹杀政治和经济改革以来，还没有外国记者去过那里。

A rebel soldier — a boy, really — pointed to the sky where he had been told an armed drone was prowling. Over the previous three days, Dr. Lone Lone and a group of his men had evaded drones, fighter jets, attack helicopters and even paraglider pilots intent on chucking hand-held bombs at them. They had passed through villages that had been assaulted by howitzers or set on fire by the Myanmar military. A drone somewhere in the distance was not Dr. Lone Lone’s biggest concern.

一名反抗军士兵——实际上是个男孩——指向天空，有人告诉他一架武装无人机正在空中游弋。过去几天里，能能医生和他的几名部下躲过了无人机、战斗机、攻击直升机，甚至还有企图向他们投掷炸弹的动力滑翔伞飞行员。他们穿过了遭到榴弹炮打击或被缅甸军队纵火焚烧的村庄。远处某个地方的无人机并不是能能医生最担心的问题。

Still, he urged us to retreat.

尽管如此，他还是督促我们撤退。

“I wish you could come to Myanmar without the bombs,” he said. “I love my country.”

“我希望你们能来到一个没有炸弹的缅甸，”他说。“我爱我的国家。”

After the 2021 coup, anti-military forces rose up and took control of more than half the country. Some of the rebel groups say they are fighting for Myanmar to become a federal democracy, with more rights for individual regions.

2021年政变后，反军事武装力量奋起反抗并控制了该国一半以上的领土。一些反抗军组织表示，他们正在为缅甸成为一个联邦制民主国家而战，从而让各个地区拥有更多权利。

Rebel groups have worked with a government in exile to set up schools and hospitals in a series of disparate territories they call “Free Myanmar.” They hoped that these liberated zones would expand and merge until the military, which has kept Myanmar cowering since it first seized power from a democratically elected government in 1962, would be forced to relinquish control.

反抗军组织与流亡政府合作，在他们称为“自由缅甸”的一系列零散领土上建立了学校和医院。他们希望这些解放区能够扩大并合并，直到迫使军方交出控制权。自1962年首次从民选政府手中夺权以来，军方一直高压统治缅甸，令民众陷入恐惧。

Anyar, in the nation’s arid central region, is one of the most formidable strongholds of armed resistance against the military. In the years since the coup, Daniel and I have reported from border regions where insurgencies by ethnic minorities have simmered for decades. While those zones endure frequent attacks by the Myanmar military, they also have supply lines to other countries. Arms and intelligence — and the occasional reporter — can enter.

位于该国干旱中部地区的阿尼亚是反抗军事武装抵抗最强大的堡垒之一。政变发生后的几年里，丹尼尔和我曾在边境地区进行报道，那里的少数民族叛乱已经持续了数十年。虽然这些区域频繁遭受缅甸军队的袭击，但它们也有通往其他国家的供应线。武器和情报——以及偶尔的记者——可以进入。

阿尼亚的许多地方几乎与世隔绝——没有可靠的手机信号，也没有互联网。能能医生和其他反抗军士兵在阿尼亚的一个渡河口。由于反抗军试图避开军方阵地，过去只需几个小时的行程现在需要几天时间。抵抗力量与缅甸军方士兵的阵地之间相距仅半英里。

By contrast, Anyar is marooned, even as it suffers the brunt of the military’s anger. The area is home to the nation’s Bamar ethnic majority and was historically the wellspring of support for the military, which is also predominantly Bamar. But the coup, which dragged the country back to a grimmer age, turned many people in Anyar against the military. The cost of this perceived disloyalty has been devastating.

相比之下，阿尼亚处于孤立无援的境地，即便它正承受着军方最猛烈的怒火。该地区是缅甸主体民族缅族的家园，过去一直支持军方，军方也主要由缅族人构成。但将国家拖回黑暗时代的政变让阿尼亚的许多人转而反对军方。这种被视为不忠的代价是毁灭性的。

Five years into the civil war, far from the reach of international aid groups, we found a heartland that felt lost in an apocalypse. From the skies above dusty villages and patchworks of farmland plowed by emaciated oxen, the Myanmar military’s instruments of death killed with chaotic impunity. In its isolation, Anyar suffers from crippling shortages, too, of weapons, guerrillas and, increasingly, hope.

内战爆发五年后，在国际援助组织无法触及的地方，我们发现了一片仿佛迷失在末世浩劫中的腹地。在尘土飞扬的村庄和瘦骨嶙峋的黄牛耕作的农田上空，缅甸军方的死亡机器在混乱中肆无忌惮地杀戮。由于孤立无援，阿尼亚也面临着武器、游击队员严重短缺的局面，人们日渐失去希望。

To maintain his grip on power, U Min Aung Hlaing, the junta leader, stepped down as army chief in March so he could take the civilian post of president. He oversaw stage-managed elections in which the military’s proxy party was effectively the sole choice. (In April, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the civilian leader he ousted, was transferred from prison to house arrest, according to the military.)

为了维持对权力的控制，军政府领导人敏昂莱在3月辞去了军队总司令一职，以便担任总统这一文职。他监督了精心编排的选举，在这场选举中，军方的代理政党实际上是唯一的选择。（军方称，被他推翻的文职领导人昂山素季4月从被监禁转为被软禁。）

人民防卫军（一个反抗军组织的联盟）控制的村庄。流离失所的农民在一个由反抗军控制的地区收割庄稼。

The same month that Mr. Min Aung Hlaing prepared to assume the presidency, human rights groups put the monthly civilian death toll in Myanmar at the highest mark since the coup. Nationwide, over the past five years, more than 90,000 civilians and combatants have been killed and 3.7 million people displaced, the United Nations says. Apart from the Palestinian territories, Myanmar was the most conflict-ridden place last year (although not the deadliest), according to the conflict monitor A.C.L.E.D.

就在敏昂莱准备就任总统的同一个月，人权组织公布的数据显示，缅甸当月平民死亡人数创下政变以来的最高纪录。联合国表示，在全国范围内，过去五年中有超过9万名平民和战斗人员被杀，370万人流离失所。根据冲突监测机构ACLED的数据，除了巴勒斯坦地区外，缅甸是去年冲突最严重的地区（尽管不是死亡人数最多的地方）。

Gen. Zaw Min Tun, the military spokesman, told me in an interview that airstrikes were ordered “because we got solid information” of legitimate military targets.

军方发言人佐敏吞少将在接受我采访时表示，下令进行空袭是因为“我们得到了确凿的情报”，针对的是合法的军事目标。

“That many people, civilian people, have been killed in airstrikes is just propaganda,” he said.

“至于说有那么多平民在空袭中丧生，那完全是宣传抹黑，”他说。

Death Along Dangerous Roads

危险道路上的死亡

At various stops along our route, bombs fell just before we arrived or just after we left — a measure of how common aerial assaults are in Anyar. Gyrocopters, a light helicopter-like craft, struck a village a couple miles away from where we were at one point. Drones dropped deadly payloads on a community where we had spent the night. We chased the contrails of fighter jets and stared into the sky looking for armed paragliders.

在我们沿途停靠的各个站点中，炸弹要么在我们抵达前刚刚落下，要么在我们离开后随即开始轰炸——由此可见空袭在阿尼亚是多么司空见惯。旋翼机（一种类似于轻型直升机的飞行器）一度袭击了距离我们仅几英里远的一个村庄。无人机向我们过夜的一个社区投下了致命的炸弹。我们追踪战斗机划过天空的尾迹，凝视天空寻找武装滑翔伞的踪迹。

In March, about 240 Myanmar military airstrikes killed more than 400 people, many in Anyar, according to A.C.L.E.D. In mid-April, two gyrocopters attacked a village in Anyar’s Monywa Township, killing at least 17 people. During our time in central Myanmar, we confirmed at least nine killings of civilians that had not been recorded by rights groups. This daily drumbeat of death goes all but unnoticed by the outside world.

根据ACLED的数据，3月缅甸军方实施了约240次空袭，导致了400多人死亡，其中许多发生在阿尼亚。4月中旬，两架旋翼机袭击了阿尼亚蒙育瓦镇的一个村庄，造成至少17人死亡。在缅甸中部期间，我们证实了至少九起平民被杀事件，这些事件此前并未被人权组织记录在案。这种每日上演的死亡事件几乎不为外界所知。

“Do foreigners know what is happening to us?” an Anyar resident named U San Nyaung asked me, as he swept rubble from the ruins of his home, which had been burned by Myanmar soldiers.

“外国人知道我们的情况吗？”正在清理被缅军烧毁的家园废墟的阿尼亚居民桑纽问我。

To reach the front line in Anyar, we traveled by night and by camouflage. It took us three days to traverse what would normally be about a three-hour drive. We went by car, motorcycle, boat and foot, on back roads, mountain paths, rivers and strips of highway that were less than half a mile from the front lines. Many places we visited in Anyar had almost no contact with the outside world because of military blackouts — no reliable cellphone signals, no internet.

为了到达阿尼亚的前线，我们夜间潜行并借助伪装行进，花了三天时间才走完通常只需大约三小时的车程。我们乘坐汽车、摩托车、船，或是步行，穿过小道、山路、河流以及距离前线不到半英里的公路路段。由于军方的网络屏蔽，我们访问的阿尼亚许多地方几乎与外界断绝了联系——没有可靠的手机信号，也没有互联网。

Nearly 200 houses in Mr. San Nyaung’s village, which like most of the places we visited we are not naming for security reasons, had been destroyed by fire. Then bombs fell from overhead. Three people were killed by those detonations, including a Buddhist monk. The military had left one final surprise: land mines planted near homes and Buddhist temples, to ensure carnage after soldiers departed.

在桑纽的村庄，近200栋房屋被付之一炬。与我们访问的大多数地方一样，出于安全原因，我们不公开该村庄的名字。随后炸弹从头顶落下。爆炸造成三人死亡，其中包括一名佛教僧侣。军方还留下了最后一个“惊喜”：在房屋和佛教寺庙附近埋设了地雷，以确保士兵撤离后继续造成伤亡。

Mr. San Nyaung began weeping, his tears fat and true.

桑纽开始哭泣，大颗的眼泪夺眶而出，情真意切。

“I know about Ukraine, Gaza. I feel very sorry for them,” he said. “We share the same sadness.”

“我知道乌克兰和加沙的事情。我为他们感到非常难过，”他说。“我们承受着同样的悲伤。”

Stethoscopes to Guns

听诊器换成钢枪

The roots of Myanmar’s civil war reach back to 1962, when a general grabbed power, claiming that the army was needed to prevent the country from fracturing amid incursions by ethnic militias. Those insurgencies, in which ethnic minorities demanded autonomy or even independence, have endured for decades, including one that is considered one of the world’s longest running ethnic revolts. But in this latest outbreak of civil war, the rebellion by the Bamar ethnic majority has spread the conflict nationwide.

缅甸内战的根源可以追溯到1962年，当时一位将军夺取政权，声称需要军队来防止国家在少数民族武装的入侵中分裂。要求自治甚至独立的少数民族叛乱已经持续了数十年，其中一场被认为是世界上持续时间最长的民族反抗之一。但在最近爆发的内战中，占人口多数的缅族人的反抗已令冲突蔓延到了全国范围。

“The army cannot accept that this time the Bamar are also against them,” Dr. Lone Lone said. “That’s why they are the most cruel to us.”

“军队无法接受这一次缅族人也在反对他们，”能能医生说。“这就是为什么他们对我们最残忍。”

Dr. Lone Lone, 41, never intended to command a battalion of 120 soldiers. It wasn’t just his nearsightedness, asthma or chronic back pain that made his career as an armed rebel so unlikely. Born in an Anyar town famous for its working elephants, he studied medicine and then ran his own clinic.

现年41岁的能能医生从未想过要指挥一个由120名士兵组成的营。这不仅是因为近视、哮喘或慢性背痛让他看上去不太可能有一段武装反抗的戎马生涯。他出生于阿尼亚一个以大象劳作闻名的小镇，曾修读医学并经营着自己的诊所。

In 2021, Dr. Lone Lone was about to go on a grand tour of Europe when the coup intervened and the junta imprisoned Myanmar’s elected leaders. Dr. Lone Lone joined in peaceful protests. But when the military cracked down, killing hundreds of unarmed protesters — including small children — with bullets to the head or heart, he escaped to a border region. There, ethnic militias gave basic training to white-collar urbanites like him.

2021年，能能医生正准备开启他畅游欧洲的计划，这时政变发生了，军政府监禁了缅甸的民选领导人。能能医生加入了和平抗议。然而，军方镇压示威，数百名非武装抗议者——包括幼童——被子弹击中头部或心脏而亡。他逃往了一个边境地区，在那里，少数民族武装对像他这样的都市白领进行了基础训练。

“I was good at holding a stethoscope, not a gun,” Dr. Lone Lone said.

“我以前擅长拿听诊器，而不是拿枪，”能能医生说。

Still, Dr. Lone Lone commanded respect. He ran a medical corps before coaxing volunteers from his hometown to form a battalion of the People’s Defense Forces, a coalition of militias loosely organized under Myanmar’s government in exile. His soldiers told us about life in what they called the B.C. era — before the coup. One was in the second year of his college physics course. Another worked in marketing. Some of the fighters were teenagers when they took up arms. Two were still only 17 years old. The older soldiers had suspended normal life — date nights, marriage, children, harvests, beach holidays — for what they called “the revolution.”

尽管如此，能能医生依然赢得了尊重。在劝说家乡的志愿者组成人民防卫军的一个营之前，他曾领导过一支医疗队。人民防卫军是在缅甸流亡政府下松散组织起来的武装联盟。他的士兵们向我们讲述了他们所谓的BC时代——即政变前(Before Coup)的生活。其中一人当时正在读大学物理二年级。另一人从事市场营销工作。一些战士在拿起武器时还是十几岁的青少年。其中两人至今依然只有17岁。年龄大一些的士兵则中止了正常的生活——约会、结婚、生子、收割庄稼、海滩度假，投身于他们所说的“革命”。

Nevertheless, some B.C. habits endured. One soldier driving a pickup truck on dirt roads kept using his turn signal, though there was little reason for such politesse near the front line.

尽管如此，一些政变前的习惯依然保留了下来。一名在泥泞道路上开着皮卡车的士兵仍一直使用转向灯，尽管在前线附近几乎没有必要讲究这种礼仪。

Dr. Lone Lone’s soldiers had come to this front line only a week before. In late December, a seven-month battle in northern Shan State ended with 15 rebel battalions, including Dr. Lone Lone’s, retreating. The Myanmar military buys its weapons from Russia and China, and the rebels have long given up hope that the West might finance their fight, as in Ukraine. Dr. Lone Lone’s fighters withdrew so fast they had to leave behind their treasured war elephants, a reminder of Myanmar’s martial past when pachyderms were drafted for duty.

能能医生的士兵在一周前才来到这条前线。去年12月底在掸邦北部，一场持续了七个月的战斗以反抗军15个营（包括能能医生的营）撤退而告终。缅甸军方从俄罗斯和中国购买武器，而反抗军早就放弃了西方会像资助乌克兰那样资助他们的希望。由于是仓促撤退，能能医生的战士们不得不抛弃他们珍爱的战象，它们让人想起缅甸的尚武历史，那时这些厚皮巨兽也曾被征召入伍。

反抗军战士在阿尼亚收集军火弹药。夜间推着油桶穿过一座小桥，向偏远村庄供应物资。

“We have a lack of bullets,” Dr. Lone Lone said. “I feel depressed in our revolution because we do not have support from the United States and Europe, even though we are fighting for federal democracy.”

“我们缺子弹，”能能医生说。“在我们的革命中，我感到很沮丧，因为尽管我们在为联邦民主而战，但没有得到美国和欧洲的支持。”

Myanmar’s generals, for their part, draw support from neighbors like China, India and Thailand, who are mostly interested in trying to keep instability and chaos from sloshing across their borders. Those countries tacitly backed the recent elections, which the United Nations dismissed as a “sham.”

缅甸的将军们则得到了中国、印度和泰国等邻国的支持，这些邻国主要关心的是如何防止动荡和混乱蔓延过边境。这些国家默许了近期的选举，而联合国斥其为一场“骗局”。

Western investment in the country evaporated after the coup, and the generals rely on projects like a copper mine in central Myanmar, operated by a subsidiary of the Chinese state weapons manufacturer Norinco, to churn out cash. To protect those interests, the military has swept through nearby villages, burning and looting homes and bombing shelters for displaced people.

政变后，西方在该国的投资荡然无存，将军们依靠缅甸中部的一座铜矿等项目来赚取现金，该铜矿由中国国有武器制造商中国兵器工业集团的一家子公司运营。为了保护这些利益，军方已对附近村庄进行清剿，烧毁和洗劫房屋，并轰炸难民的避难所。

Ko Thu Rein, an Anyar guerrilla commander who used to work at the copper mine, said that the government in exile loosely coordinating the heartland forces had allocated only five rifles to his unit of 80 soldiers. (Using their own money, the men had managed to scrounge together 10 more.) His soldiers have fashioned mortar launchers out of bits of metal, but there are no mortar shells to fire.

阿尼亚游击队指挥官都雷曾在该铜矿工作。他说，流亡政府松散地协调着中部地区的各支武装力量，只给他麾下的80名士兵配发了五支步枪。（士兵们用自己的钱又勉强凑了10支。）他的士兵用废旧金属自制了迫击炮发射器，但并没有炮弹可以发射。

A fighter jet tore through the sky. We tensed and waited to see if the Russian-made plane would circle back for a strike.

一架战斗机划破天空。我们紧张起来，等着看这架俄罗斯制造的飞机会不会折返回来发动攻击。

“This is my life forever,” Mr. Thu Rein said.

“这就是我一辈子的生活，”都雷说。

I couldn’t tell if he meant it in defiance, or in acceptance of his fate.

我无法判断，他说这话时是带着反抗的决绝，还是已经接受了命运。

‘There Is Death Everywhere’

“到处都在死人”

There was an airstrike last week, one the week before and another the week before that, the villagers said. There were others that went unmentioned. It was impossible to list them all. There were no more tears to shed, one woman we met at a restaurant said.

村民们说，上周发生了一次空袭，上上周有一次，再前一周还有一次。还有其他一些没有被提及。根本数不清。我们在一家餐馆遇到的一名女子说，眼泪已经流干了。

We sat eating bowls of noodles. The rebel-controlled village is a transport hub from which fuel and other supplies are disbursed to guerrilla forces. That is one reason the military has been devastating these villages.

我们坐着吃面条。这个由反抗军控制的村庄是一个交通枢纽，燃料和其他物资从这里分发到各游击队。这也是军方持续摧毁这些村庄的原因之一。

Still, people need to eat. The noodles were good. Customers slurped broth as radios on tables squawked a barrage of intelligence. The bomb shelter was out back. It didn’t look large enough to fit all the diners.

不过，人总是要吃饭的。面条味道不错。食客们吸溜着汤汁，桌上的电台噼里啪啦地播报着一连串的情报。防空洞就在后面。看上去不够大，装不下所有用餐的人。

I asked Daw Wah Wah, the noodle shop owner, if there had been any attacks over the past few days. She shook her head.

我问面馆老板瓦瓦，过去几天有没有发生过袭击。她摇了摇头。

Then she remembered. Less than two miles away, there had been an airstrike. It had killed six people.

然后她想起来了。三公里多外的地方发生过一次空袭。炸死了六个人。

When was it, I asked?

我问，是什么时候的事？

“Yesterday,” she replied. “I forgot because there is death everywhere.”

“昨天，”她回答说。“我忘了，因为到处都在死人。”

The day before one of three election rounds, two fighter jets reached the village just after noon. Three gyrocopters followed. Ma Khin Moe Hnin, the owner of a fuel depot, kept on working. Then the bombs rained down. Her gas station was charred, as were a medical clinic, guesthouse and cafe where people hooked up to a Starlink satellite for internet access. Ten people were killed, including Ms. Khin Moe Hnin’s brother-in-law.

在某一轮投票（选举共进行三轮）的前一天，两架战斗机在正午过后不久抵达了该村庄。三架旋翼机紧随其后。燃料站老板钦摩宁继续干活。随后炸弹如雨点般落下。她的加油站被烧焦了，一同被毁的还有一间诊所、一家招待所和一家人们通过星链卫星接入互联网的咖啡馆。有十人丧生，其中包括钦摩宁的姐夫。

右为玛钦摩宁，她经营的燃料站遭到军方轰炸。在阿尼亚地区的一家餐馆里，桌上的电台正在播报情报，通报军方战斗机及其他空中攻击飞行器曾被目击到的位置。阿尼亚地区一处为阵亡抵抗军士兵设立的纪念碑。

“I knew it would happen one day,” she said. “The bombs always fall.”

“我知道总有一天会发生这种事，”她说。“炸弹总是会落下来的。”

One evening, we were about to cross a river by boat — bridges were bombed too often to use — when a radio alerted us to armed paragliders drifting nearby. In the B.C. years, while in Bali for a medical conference, Dr. Lone Lone had seen paragliders float above the beach, their fabric wings bright against the blue sky. Now, he thought about the soldiers soaring through the inky night, holding bombs. Two officers who deserted from the military told me that paratroopers are considered expendable in a military that depends on conscription and drugs like methamphetamine to keep ranks filled.

一天傍晚，我们正准备乘船渡河——桥梁经常被炸，已无法通行，这时电台提醒我们，有武装动力滑翔伞在附近漂移。在政变前，能能医生在巴厘岛参加一次医学会议时，曾在海滩看到天上的滑翔伞，伞翼在蓝天的映衬下格外显眼。如今，他想到的是士兵们手里拿着炸弹，在漆黑的夜空中翱翔。两名从军方叛逃的军官告诉我，在一支依赖征兵和冰毒等毒品来维持人数的军队里，伞兵被视为可以牺牲的消耗品。

We waited for a couple hours until the danger passed.

我们等待了两三个小时，直到危险过去。

“The military is creative in one way,” Dr. Lone Lone said, his voice hushed in the dark. “They always find new ways to kill.”

“军方在某种程度上很有创意，”能能医生在黑暗中低声说道。“他们总能找到新的杀人方式。”

Breaking Point

临界点

We kept on traveling through a terrorized heartland. A couple days after we visited the noodle shop, we bumped along back roads on motorcycles for six hours. There was dust in my mouth and deep in my ears. The driver of my motorcycle, a rifle slung over his shoulder and a grenade affixed to his belt, revved the engine. Suddenly, we saw a black sedan, strangely clean, stopped on the road. We stopped, too. Out of the car strode a man with a long beard and gray hair in a ponytail. He wore an army green T-shirt and a sarong, a revolver tucked by his waist. I had no idea who he was. I also had no idea where we were.

我们继续穿越这片饱受恐惧蹂躏的腹地。离开那家面馆两天后，我们骑着摩托车在乡间小路上颠簸了六个小时。我的嘴里和耳朵眼里都满是尘土。我的摩托车司机肩上挎着一支步枪，腰带上别着一枚手榴弹，他加大了油门。突然，我们看到一辆黑色的轿车停在路上，车身异常干净。我们也停了下来。一个留着长胡子、灰色头发扎成马尾辫的男人从车里下来。他身穿军绿色T恤和纱笼，腰间别着一把左轮手枪。我不知道他是谁。也不知道自己身在何处。

The man grinned and stuck out his hand.

那人咧嘴一笑，伸出了手。

“You can call me Brother Zero,” he said. “My unit is the Zero Guerrilla Force.”

“你们可以叫我零大哥，”他说。“我的部队是零游击队。”

Brother Zero, otherwise known as Ko Thet Gyi, operates out of rebel-held territory around Myingyan, close to Mandalay, Myanmar’s second-largest city. An artist, he took up arms after the coup. His wife, who was caught in junta-controlled territory, was sentenced to 25 years in prison because of her connection to him. Her face is tattooed on his arm.

零大哥又名泰吉，在缅甸第二大城市曼德勒附近的敏彦反抗军控制区活动。他是一名艺术家，政变后拿起武器。他的妻子在军政府控制区被捕，因为他的缘故而被判处25年监禁。他把她的脸文在了手臂上。

At his camp, Mr. Thet Gyi pointed to a crater in the earth where a bomb had struck. Later we looked at another hole, larger and deeper. It was a prison for his soldiers who had tried to run away, Mr. Thet Gyi said. Five years of war, with little hope of respite, had driven up desertion rates.

在营地里，哥泰吉指给我们看炸弹袭击留下的一个弹坑。后来我们又看到了一个更大、更深的坑。哥泰吉说，那是关押逃兵的监狱。战争已持续五年，且看不到停歇的希望，这导致逃兵率居高不下。

反抗军控制区内，一座靠近寺庙的建筑被缅甸军方的空袭击中。泰吉（又名“零大哥”）展示他的文身。一名阿尼亚居民展开一张昂山素季的海报。在缅甸军方控制区，持有这位前文职领导人的画像可能招致牢狱之灾。

“We don’t have many options,” he said. “We have to keep our soldiers.”

“我们没有太多选择，”他说。“我们必须留住士兵。”

In February, an Anyar rebel commander who had bickered with other guerrilla leaders, surrendered to the Myanmar military. Soon afterward, precise attacks on Anyar’s resistance forces surged, presumably fed by intelligence provided by him.

今年2月，一位与其他游击队领导人发生争执的阿尼亚反抗军指挥官向缅甸军方投降。此后不久，针对阿尼亚抵抗力量的精准袭击便开始激增，这大概是他提供的情报所致。

In mid-March, after our trip to Anyar, the rebel fighters lost Tagaung, a strategic town that they had captured in 2024. Dr. Lone Lone’s men were forced to retreat from the hilltop front line we had visited. His battalion is now half the size it was when we met him. His deputy commander — who practically hugged me when I gave him a few sachets of Starbucks caramel latte, his favorite drink — has deserted. So has a former teacher who had told me earnestly that he had resigned himself to death if it meant eradicating the military-backed regime.

3月中旬，在我们结束阿尼亚之行后，反抗军失去了达贡，这是他们在2024年占领的战略重镇。能能医生的部下被迫从我们到访过的山头前线撤退。他的营现在只有我们见到他时的一半规模了。他的副手——当我给他几包他最喜欢的星巴克焦糖拿铁时几乎要拥抱我的那个人——已经当了逃兵。同样逃跑的还有一位前教师，他曾极其诚挚地告诉我，如果能铲除军方支持的政权，他甘愿面对死亡。

One evening during our reporting journey, I jolted awake in the back of a truck to find that we had stopped, waiting out another possible airstrike. Dr. Lone Lone grinned at me. He laughed a lot for a commander in what felt like a hopeless war. Then he stopped smiling.

在我们的报道途中，一天晚上，我在一辆卡车的车厢里猛然惊醒，发现车停了下来，等待着又一次可能的空袭。能能医生对我咧嘴一笑。作为一名身处一场看似无望战争中的指挥官，他经常笑。然后，他收起了笑容。

“If I cannot win the revolution, then I will become a monk,” he told me. “I am trying to meditate always, but sometimes in this world, it is too difficult.”

“如果革命不能成功，那我就去做僧侣，”他告诉我。“我一直有尝试冥想，但有时候，在这尘世中，太难了。”

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美国极限施压下，古巴仓促宣布全面经济改革

Thu, 25 Jun 2026 05:36:02 +0000

FRANCES ROBLES, DAVID C. ADAMS

2026年6月25日

哈瓦那一家私营家具公司生产车间里的工人，摄于2024年。 Eliana Aponte for The New York Times

The Cuban economy is in shambles, power outages can last 30 hours, and the Trump administration, with a figurative gun to Cuba’s head, keeps announcing new ways to deprive the Communist government of much-needed cash.

古巴经济陷入瘫痪，停电有时长达30小时，特朗普政府则像是拿枪指着古巴的脑袋，不断宣布新的措施以剥夺这个共产党政府急需的现金。

The Cuban government, responding to the country’s worst crisis in modern history, recently announced a sweeping economic restructuring. The package of 176 measures would allow more private enterprise and loosen the Cuban government’s grip on the island’s economic activity.

为了应对国家现代史上最严重的危机，古巴政府最近宣布了一项全面的经济重组计划。这项方案包含176项措施，将允许更多私营企业的发展，并放松古巴政府对该岛经济活动的控制。

Cuba denies the measures were designed to placate the Trump administration, which is demanding the island adopt wholesale economic and political changes, but few experts accept that denial. Official speeches have stressed the urgent need to resuscitate an ailing economy that is collapsing under decades of centralized rule as well as increased pressure from Washington, while insisting that Cuba will remain a socialist country.

古巴否认这些措施是为了安抚要求该国采取彻底经济和政治变革的特朗普政府，但鲜有专家接受这样的说法。官方讲话强调了重振疲软经济的迫切需要——在数十年的中央集权统治以及华盛顿不断增加的压力下，古巴经济正濒临崩溃，同时坚持古巴将仍是社会主义国家。

Economists say the blueprint, which was rushed through Cuba’s legislature last week, represents a drastic shift. It’s the first time since the 1959 revolution, which ushered in Communist rule, that the regime is offering to relinquish full control of commerce.

经济学家表示，这份上周在古巴立法机构匆忙通过的蓝图代表着一场重大转变。这是自开启共产主义统治的1959年革命以来，该政权首次主动提出放弃对商业的全面控制。

But even as Cuba’s government says it will allow private banking and individuals to own more than one business and real estate property, experts are skeptical.

但是，尽管古巴政府表示将允许私人银行业务以及个人拥有多家企业和房地产，专家们仍持怀疑态度。

A wholesale move toward a system like those in place in Vietnam or China, away from a strictly state-controlled, centrally planned economy toward a flexible, market-driven mixed economy, would be hard to pull off unless the Trump administration eases sanctions.

除非特朗普政府放松制裁，否则很难实现向越南或中国那样体制的彻底转变——从严格的国家控制中央计划经济转向灵活的市场驱动混合经济。

Some foreign businesses have started pulling out of Cuba because they fear running afoul of recent U.S. rules that make it even more difficult to do business there. For them to come back, more than just Cuba’s regulations would have to change.

一些外国企业已经开始撤出古巴，因为他们担心触犯美国最近出台的规定，这些规定使得在古巴做生意变得更加困难。如果要让这些企业重返古巴，光是改变古巴的法规还远远不够。

And the Cuban government has a serious credibility problem, experts say. Officials have announced economic changes before, only to pull them back without explanation. Cuba lacks the rule of law and a separation of powers and often fails to pay its bills. It’s a notoriously risky business environment.

专家们还表示，古巴政府面临严重的信誉问题。官员们以前也曾宣布过经济变革，结果却在没有解释的情况下将其撤回。古巴缺乏法治和权力分立，且经常拖欠账款，是出了名的高风险商业环境。

Some experts likened the ambitious new package of incentives designed to encourage foreign investment in Cuba to a recurring bit from the cartoon “Peanuts”: Lucy trying to sweet talk Charlie Brown into taking another swing at that football.

一些专家将旨在鼓励外国在古巴投资的雄心勃勃的新激励方案，比作《花生》漫画中反复出现的桥段：露西试图用甜言蜜语哄骗查理·布朗再去踢那只橄榄球。

2019年，古巴纳瓦哈斯的养蜂人。古巴对商业活动监管严格，禁止的行为包括直接向公众销售蜂蜜等。

So What Exactly is Cuba Planning to Do?

那么，古巴到底打算做什么？

The package includes an expansion of the fledgling private sector with greater freedom to import and export without state interference.

该方案包括扩大刚刚起步的私营部门，赋予其在没有国家干预的情况下进行进出口的更大自由。

• Businesses in Cuba would for the first time be permitted to hire more than 100 employees, a limit meant to prevent the private sector from growing too big. Entrepreneurs would also be allowed to own multiple private businesses, ending a stifling practice and longstanding grievance of the private sector.

· 古巴企业将首次获准雇用超过100名员工，此前的限制旨在防止私营部门规模过大。企业家也将被允许拥有多家私营企业，从而结束长期以来令私营部门感到束缚的做法，平息不满。

• The changes open the door to private real estate development on the island and propose transforming state-owned businesses into private commercial ventures with shares and equity stakes. It would allow private banks to enter Cuba's once exclusively state-run finance sector.

· 这些变化为岛上的私人房地产开发打开了大门，并提出将国有企业转变为拥有股份和股权的私人商业企业。这将允许私人银行进入古巴曾经完全由国家主导的金融领域。

• The government also plans to eliminate 70 of 125 prohibited business activities, but did not specify which ones. Businesses are highly regulated in Cuba and government prohibitions are wide ranging; they include buying wholesale, selling honey directly to the public and making orthopedic footwear.

· 政府还计划取消125项被禁止的商业活动中的70项，但没有具体说明是哪些项目。在古巴，企业受到高度监管，政府的禁令范围很广，其中包括批发采购、直接向公众出售蜂蜜以及生产矫形鞋。

• State-owned properties can now also be sold to national and foreign companies and individuals, including Cubans residing abroad. It even permits fast-food chains to open franchises on the island.

· 国有财产现在也可以出售给本国和外国的公司及个人，包括居住在海外的古巴人。它甚至允许快餐连锁店在岛上开设特许经营店。

• Acknowledging that its safety net is fraying, the Cuban government wants to shift responsibility for old-age homes and other social welfare programs to private businesses.

·古巴政府承认其社会保障体系正在松动，因此希望将养老院和其他社会福利项目的责任转移给私营企业。

本月，哈瓦那东部的阿拉马尔的一个私营市场。

What do experts say about it?

专家们对此有何看法？

Most experts say the ideas sound familiar: Economists have been proposing them for decades. Others said it was maybe not too little, but likely too late to rescue the economy or satisfy the United States.

大多数专家表示这些想法听起来很熟悉：经济学家几十年来一直在提出这些建议。还有人表示，这些措施或许并非力度不足，但可能为时已晚，既无法拯救经济，也无法满足美国的要求。

Experts also believe some measures violate the Cuban Constitution, which enshrines socialism. Economists worry that the Cuban government announced a slew of measures, all at once, without a timeline or a clear path forward of how to implement or finance them.

专家们还认为，一些措施违反了将社会主义奉为神圣的古巴宪法。经济学家担心，古巴政府一口气宣布了一系列措施，却未制定时间表，也未明确如何实施或筹措资金的具体方案。

“Some of them are quite radical,” said Pedro Monreal, a Cuban economist. “The problem is not so much whether they arrived late or early, but whether it’s feasible — if they can really work.”

“其中一些措施相当激进，”古巴经济学家佩德罗·蒙雷亚尔说。“问题不在于它们来得晚还是早，而在于是否可行——它们是否真能起作用。”

Daniel Torralbas, a former policy analyst at Cuba’s Ministry of Economy and Planning, said that though many questions remain unanswered, “without a doubt” the changes “are the most profound” the Cuban government has announced since taking power in 1959.

古巴经济计划部前政策分析师丹尼尔·托拉尔巴斯表示，尽管许多问题仍悬而未决，但“毫无疑问”，这些变化是古巴政府自1959年掌权以来宣布的“最深刻的”变革。

“But that doesn’t mean that they are going to work, nor does it mean they are going to be implemented all at once, nor does it mean they will be successful,” said Mr. Torralbas, who is currently studying in London.

“但这并不意味着它们一定会奏效，也不意味着它们会同时实施，更不意味着它们会取得成功，”目前正在伦敦求学的托拉尔巴斯说。

Several experts warned that some measures, like opening state assets to private ownership, while unthinkable even a few months ago, could open the door to cronyism.

几位专家警告称，一些措施——例如允许私人拥有国有资产——在几个月前还是不可想象的，它们可能会为裙带关系打开大门。

Pavel Vidal, a Cuban economist who teaches at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Cali, Colombia, said such changes are risky. Without oversight, transparency and a clear legal framework, he said, they could lead to inside dealing.

在哥伦比亚卡利的哈维里亚纳天主教大学任教的古巴经济学家帕维尔·维达尔表示，此类变革存在风险。他说，如果没有监督、透明度和清晰的法律框架，它们可能会导致内幕交易。

“They can create opportunities for corruption, rent-seeking, and opaque asset transfers to elites with political power or privileged access to information,” Mr. Vidal said.

“它们可能为腐败、寻租以及向拥有政治权力或享有信息获取特权的精英进行不透明资产转移创造机会，”维达尔说。

上周，一位女性正在收看曼努埃尔·马雷罗总理的电视讲话，他在讲话中向古巴全国人民代表大会提出了一揽子支持市场经济的改革方案。

What are Cuban government loyalists saying about it?

古巴政府的忠诚支持者对此有何评论？

Prime Minister Manuel Marrero bluntly stated that the accumulation of wealth in private hands — for decades a communist taboo in Cuba — would no longer be forbidden. He explicitly recognized “the legitimate growth of the financial and material assets of legal entities and individuals.”

总理曼努埃尔·马雷罗直言不讳地表示，财富在私人手中的积累——几十年来一直是古巴的共产主义体制的禁忌——将不再被禁止。他明确承认“法人和个人的金融与物质资产的合法增长”。

President Miguel Díaz-Canel added: “If there is no wealth, there is nothing to distribute. If there is no wealth, there is no social justice.”

总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔还说：“如果没有财富，就无从分配。如果没有财富，就没有社会正义。”

Carlos Luis Jorge Méndez, Cuba’s deputy minister of foreign trade and foreign investment, said the government would cut back on bureaucracy and other obstacles to making deals.

古巴外贸和外国投资部副部长卡洛斯·路易斯·豪尔赫·门德斯表示，政府将减少官僚主义，并消除其他阻碍交易开展的障碍。

He told a United Arab Emirates newspaper that Cuba was “open for business.”

他在接受一家阿拉伯联合酋长国报纸采访时表示，古巴已经“敞开商业大门”。

But what about Washington?

但是华盛顿方面呢？

The U.S. State Department, responding to questions, said in a statement that President Trump would continue to apply pressure to drive much more substantial economic and political overhauls.

美国国务院在回应质询时发表声明称，特朗普总统将继续施加压力，以推动更为实质性的经济和政治改革。

Mr. Trump, the State Department said, wants to “make Cuba investable” and allow private businesses to grow in ways that will help the Cuban island develop and recover and “give the Cuban people the freedom, dignity and opportunity they deserve.”

美国国务院表示，特朗普希望“使古巴具备投资价值”，并允许私营企业以有助于古巴发展和复苏的方式成长，从而“赋予古巴人民他们应得的自由、尊严和机会”。

On Tuesday, the State Department announced new sanctions against more Cuban state-run financial businesses, as well as a member of the Castro family.

周二，美国国务院宣布对更多古巴国营金融企业以及卡斯特罗家族的一名成员实施新的制裁。

“These gradual ‘economic reforms’ are modest, long overdue and ultimately superficial smoke signals from the Cuban regime,” the State Department said.

美国国务院表示：“这些渐进式的‘经济改革’规模有限，姗姗来迟，归根结底只是古巴政权释放的表面烟雾弹。”

Cuban activists such as the free speech advocate Yoani Sánchez and the dissident José Daniel Ferrer largely agreed, stressing that the lengthy list of changes did not include any mention of political freedom or a multiparty system.

言论自由倡导者约阿尼·桑切斯和异见人士何塞·丹尼尔·费雷尔等古巴活动人士在很大程度上同意这一观点，他们强调，这份长长的变革清单中没有提及任何关于政治自由或多党制度的内容。

“Cuba doesn’t need stopgap measures,’’ Mr. Ferrer said, “but a profound economic transformation and a complete political transition.”

“古巴不需要权宜之计，”费雷尔说。“而是需要深刻的经济转型和彻底的政治过渡。”