纽约时报双语版

中国前总理朱镕基逝世：市场化改革和“入世”推手

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:36:02 +0000

KEITH BRADSHER

2026年8月12日

朱镕基，摄于1998年。他的经济举措推动了中国经济的快速增长，但也为后来与特朗普总统的贸易战以及中国当下面临的巨债务问题埋下了伏笔。 Ahn Young-joon/Associated Press

Zhu Rongji, the former Chinese premier who played a pivotal role in guiding his country toward a market-based economy in the 1990s and subsequently into the World Trade Organization, died on Wednesday in Beijing. He was 97.

中国前总理朱镕基周三在北京逝世，享年97岁。他曾在20世纪90年代引导中国走向市场经济，随后又在加入世界贸易组织的过程中发挥了关键作用。

His death was announced by Xinhua, China’s official news agency, which did not cite a cause, noting only that he died after medical treatment failed to save him.

中国官方通讯社新华社宣布了他的死讯，但没有说明死因，仅表示他“因病医治无效”。

Mr. Zhu, who worked under Jiang Zemin, the Communist Party leader at the time, contributed more to liberalizing the Chinese economy and making it more internationally competitive than any other recent leader except Deng Xiaoping. Mr. Zhu’s initiatives propelled rapid growth in China that lasted, with a little slowing along the way, until the housing market began to crash in 2021.

朱镕基在时任中共中央总书记江泽民手下工作。除邓小平之外，近几十年来，没有哪位中国领导人在推动经济自由化、提升中国经济的国际竞争力方面比朱镕基贡献更大。朱镕基推出的一系列举措推动了中国经济的快速增长，这一势头虽然期间也有小幅放缓，但一直持续到2021年房地产市场开始崩盘位置。

But his measures also set the stage for China’s recent problems with excessive debt and its huge trade surpluses, which have led to trade wars with the United States during President Trump’s terms in office.

然而，他的举措也为中国近年来面临的债务过度和巨额贸易顺差问题埋下了伏笔，这些问题在特朗普担任美国总统期间引发了与美国的贸易战。

A young Communist star in the 1950s, Mr. Zhu was expelled from the party in one of Mao Zedong’s ideological purification campaigns. He spent 20 years in obscurity, including five years as a farm laborer.

20世纪50年代，朱镕基曾是党内冉冉升起的年轻新星，但在毛泽东发动的一次思想清洗运动中被开除出党，随后在默默无闻中度过了20年，其中包括五年的农场劳动生涯。

Politically rehabilitated after Mao’s death in 1976, he soared to the top levels of government. It was Mr. Deng, China’s paramount leader from the late 1970s until his death in 1997, who plucked Mr. Zhu in 1991 from his position as mayor of Shanghai and brought him to Beijing to oversee the country’s economic modernization.

1976年毛泽东去世后，他在政治上获得平反，并迅速升至政府高层。邓小平在1991年将朱镕基从上海市长的位置上提拔到北京，委以推进国家经济现代化的重任。邓小平从20世纪70年代末直至1997年逝世期间担任中国最高领导人。

China’s economy had grown rapidly through the 1980s as officials greatly reduced central planning and curbed the chaos of Mao’s final years. But market reforms faltered after a deadly military crackdown crushed the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989.

20世纪80年代，随着官员们大幅削减中央计划体制、遏制毛泽东晚年遗留下来的混乱局面，中国经济实现了快速增长。但在1989年，一场血腥的军事镇压镇压了天安门广场的抗议活动，市场化改革随后陷入停滞。

Mr. Zhu reinvigorated his country’s embrace of market forces, starting as a vice premier in 1991. Promoted to premier seven years later, he oversaw the privatization of thousands of state-owned enterprises and then led China into the World Trade Organization in 2001.

自1991年出任副总理起，朱镕基重新推动中国拥抱市场力量。七年后他升任总理，主导了数以千计国有企业的私有化改革，并于2001年带领中国加入世界贸易组织。

Xu Bingjin, a top aide to Mr. Zhu during the negotiations to join the W.T.O., said in an interview in 2018 that the talks had been like haggling in a vegetable market.

曾在入世谈判期间担任朱镕基高级助手的徐秉金在2018年的一次采访中回忆说，当年的谈判就像在菜市场讨价还价。

“We would bargain about the price and eventually reach a compromise — sometimes we fought intensely and even banged the table,” he said.

“就是讨价还价，最后达成妥协。有时争得比较厉害，也会拍桌子，”他说。

The eventual deal crafted by Mr. Zhu and his aides was unpopular with many Chinese people, particularly in inland provinces that weren’t as prepared for international competition. Mr. Zhu was widely criticized for agreeing to reduce import tariffs on cars and many other goods to no more than 25 percent from 100 percent or more.

朱镕基及其助手最终达成的协议在国内并不受欢迎，尤其是在那些尚未为国际竞争做好准备的内陆省份。由于同意将汽车及许多其他商品的进口关税从100%甚至更高降至不超过25%，朱镕基受到了广泛批评。

1999年，中国申请加入世界贸易组织的谈判期间，朱镕基与美国商务部长威廉·戴利举行会晤。

But entry into the W.T.O. meant that Chinese goods also had guaranteed access to Western markets with significantly lower tariffs. Exports soared, and by 2010 China had passed the United States to become the world’s largest manufacturer, according to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.

但加入世贸组织意味着中国商品也获得了进入西方市场的保障，且关税大幅降低。根据联合国工业发展组织的数据，中国出口额大幅飙升，并于2010年超越美国成为全球最大的制造国。

At the same time, imports did not grow as fast as expected. Mr. Zhu retired soon after China joined the trade body, and the country’s embrace of market forces slowed.

与此同时，进口增长并未如预期那样迅速。朱镕基在中国加入世贸组织后不久便退休，而中国对市场力量的拥抱也随之放缓。

China began erecting new obstacles to bringing in foreign goods. These included extensive subsidies for Chinese manufacturers and numerous requirements that government agencies and state-owned enterprises buy Chinese-made goods.

中国开始设置新的壁垒，阻碍外国商品进入国内市场。这些措施包括对中国制造商提供大量补贴，以及规定政府机构和国有企业优先采购国货等种种要求。

Under Mr. Zhu, China promised when it joined the W.T.O. that it would quickly open up government procurement to international competition. But China still has not done so. Beijing leaders have faced objections from inland provinces that oppose letting Western companies compete for their sprawling public works projects. Central government officials have submitted several proposals that other countries have quickly rejected as insufficient.

在朱镕基任内，中国在加入世界贸易组织时承诺，将迅速开放政府采购市场，迎接国际竞争，但这一承诺至今仍未兑现。北京领导层一直面临来自内陆省份的反对，这些地区不愿让西方企业参与其规模庞大的公共工程项目竞争。中央政府曾提交过多项方案，但都被其他国家迅速否决，认为力度不足。

Robert E. Lighthizer, a longtime Washington trade lawyer who was the trade representative for the United States during Mr. Trump’s first term, said Mr. Zhu outsmarted Western negotiators in securing China’s place in the W.T.O.

长期担任华盛顿贸易律师并在特朗普首个任期内担任美国贸易代表的罗伯特·莱特希泽表示，朱镕基在争取中国加入世贸组织的过程中表现得比西方谈判代表更胜一筹。

“Zhu and China clearly got the better deal,” he said in a 2022 email.

他在2022年的一封邮件中写道：“朱镕基和中国显然得到了更有利的协议。”

As the trade representative, Mr. Lighthizer waged a trade war with Beijing. He imposed tariffs on many Chinese goods in an effort to claw back access to the American market that Mr. Zhu had negotiated. President Joseph R. Biden Jr. left those tariffs in place, and Mr. Trump raised them after he returned to office in 2025.

在担任贸易代表期间，莱特希泽对北京发动了贸易战。通过对多种中国商品加征关税，他试图收回朱镕基当年为中国争取到的美国市场准入。拜登总统在任期间保留了这些关税，而特朗普在2025年重返白宫后又进一步提高了关税水平。

Driving Debt

债务驱动型发展

As vice premier and then premier, Mr. Zhu also oversaw many domestic policies aimed at making China more efficient and competitive. The two most important policies involved the privatization of thousands of inefficient state-owned enterprises and a far-reaching tax overhaul.

在担任副总理及总理期间，朱镕基还主导了多项旨在提升中国效率与竞争力的国内政策。其中最为关键的两项政策是推动数以千计低效国有企业的私有化改革，以及一场深远的税制改革。

Tens of millions of workers lost their jobs during the privatization drive, with many forced into retirement in their 40s. Mr. Zhu softened the blow by enacting an overhaul of the housing market. A vast number of state-owned apartments were transferred to current and retired employees at a nominal cost. State-owned banks issued mortgages at low interest rates for new homes.

在私有化进程中，数千万工人失去工作，其中许多人被迫在40多岁时提前退休。朱镕基通过推动住房市场改革缓解了这一冲击。大量国有住房以象征性价格转让给在职及退休职工，国有银行则以低利率为新购住房提供抵押贷款。

2018年，中国句容的一处住宅小区。

Apartment prices soared as much as twentyfold in many Chinese cities from the 1990s until around 2021. That gave many older workers a sizable nest egg, as well as protection from homelessness.

从20世纪90年代到2021年前后，中国许多城市的房价上涨了多达20倍。这为许多老职工提供了一笔可观的养老金，也在一定程度上为他们提供了免于无家可归的保障。

Under Mr. Zhu’s tax overhaul in 1994, the central government seized a much larger share of taxes collected by local governments. The money bankrolled costly initiatives like broad industrial subsidies and a considerable military buildup.

在1994年朱镕基主导的税制改革下，中央政府从地方政府征收的税收中获取了更大份额。这些资金支撑了耗资巨大的举措，如大规模产业补贴，以及相当规模的军力建设。

“If we don’t suitably centralize revenues and strengthen the central government’s finances, we won’t be able to get by,” Mr. Zhu said during a 1993 visit to Guangzhou. “And in the end, the entire country will suffer and be unable to carry on.”

朱镕基1993年在广州考察时指出，“如果我们不适当集中收入、加强中央财政，日子就过不下去，最终全国都会受影响，难以为继。”

Beijing let local governments borrow more money from banks and financial markets in exchange for transferring a larger share of their tax revenues to the national government. Beijing also lifted restrictions that previously limited how local governments could spend money. And Beijing granted greater discretion to local governments to sell long-term leases on state-owned land to developers.

作为将更大比例税收上缴中央的交换，北京允许地方政府从银行和金融市场借贷更多资金。北京还取消了此前对地方政府支出的限制，并赋予地方政府更大的自主权，允许其向开发商出售国有土地的长期使用权。

Local governments proceeded to borrow heavily and sell land leases to raise money for new roads, rail lines and ports.

地方政府随后开始大量举债并出售土地使用权，为新建公路、铁路和港口筹集资金。

Mr. Zhu’s “grand bargain” with local governments cleared the way for towns, cities and provinces to gorge on debt and become highly dependent on ever-rising revenues from selling land leases. When China’s real estate market fell into a deep slump in 2021, many developers defaulted on loans and stopped buying land leases. This left many local governments with little money to cover their debts.

朱镕基与地方政府达成的这一“重大交易”为省市县各级大量举债铺平了道路，使其高度依赖持续增长的土地出让收入。当2021年中国房地产市场陷入深度低迷时，许多开发商贷款违约并停止购买土地使用权，结果使不少地方政府资金枯竭，难以偿还既有债务。

2003年，朱镕基卸任国务院总理时。自1991年出任副总理以来，他一直致力于让市场机制重新发挥作用。

A Rising Star

政治新星

Mr. Zhu was born on Oct. 23, 1928, in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province in southern China. He was orphaned as a small child and raised by two of his father’s older brothers, Zhu Kuanjun and Zhu Xuefang. He went on to excel in school and, in 1947, passed the rigorous entrance exam to the elite Tsinghua University, where he studied electrical engineering. He joined the Communist Party in 1949, the year it won China’s civil war.

1928年10月23日，朱镕基出生于中国南方湖南省的省会长沙。他自幼父母双亡，由父亲的两位兄长朱宽浚和朱学方抚养长大。他学业出众，在1947年通过严苛的考试考入顶尖学府清华大学，学习电机工程。1949年共产党赢得中国内战的那一年，他加入了中国共产党。

Like many economic reformers of the 1990s, Mr. Zhu made a remarkable political comeback from persecution before climbing to the top of the Chinese government. He was working at the State Planning Commission, tracking machinery production, when Mao began his Anti-Rightist Campaign in June 1957, striking back at what he saw as dangerous opposition. The campaign led to the political persecution of 550,000 officials, teachers and other citizens over the next two years.

与20世纪90年代许多经济改革派人物一样，在进入中国政府最高层之前，朱镕基经历过被打倒然后实现惊人政治逆转的过程。1957年6月，毛泽东发动反右运动，打击他眼中危险的反对力量。当时，朱镕基在国家计委工作，负责跟踪机械生产情况。反右运动在随后两年里导致约55万名干部、教师和其他公民遭到政治迫害。

Mr. Zhu was among them. In the early days of Mao’s campaign, Mr. Zhu had given a three-minute talk at the planning commission that followed the prevailing line in Beijing at the time. But the talk was deemed politically unacceptable after the campaign intensified in October 1957.

朱镕基也是其中之一。在运动初期，朱镕基曾在国家计委作过一次三分钟的发言，内容符合当时北京的主流口径。但随着1957年10月运动升级，这次发言被认定为政治上有问题。

“Before October, everyone thought that my opinion was good — after October, they said that your opinion should be reconsidered,” Mr. Zhu said in a speech in 1988.

朱镕基在1988年的一次讲话中回忆说：“在10月份以前大家都觉得我的意见提得不错，到10月份以后就说你这个意见要重新考虑。”

According to a biography of Mr. Zhu published in 2008 by a state company, he was also deemed an “opportunist in revolution” because he had an unacceptable class background: His maternal grandfather, Yu Zhaokang, had been an imperial official before the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, pioneering railroad construction in China.

根据一家国有出版公司在2008年出版的朱镕基传记，由于出身不好，他还被定性为“革命投机分子”：他的外公余肇康在1911年清朝灭亡前曾任清廷官员，是中国铁路建设的先驱。

Mr. Zhu was expelled from the Communist Party in April 1958 and demoted several rungs at the commission. But he was allowed to remain there to teach math, physics and chemistry to his colleagues.

1958年4月，朱镕基被开除党籍，并在国家计委内部连降数级。但他获准留任，负责教同事数理化。

His early difficulties set him up for further trouble a decade later during Mao’s Cultural Revolution, when he was sent to labor on a farm for five years. “I have done everything: planted wheat, rice and cotton; herded cattle and sheep; raised pigs; and worked as a cook,” he recalled in his 1988 speech.

早年的坎坷为他十年后在文化大革命中的进一步磨难埋下伏笔。那期间，他被下放到农村劳动五年。“我什么都干过，种过小麦、水稻、棉花，放过牛、放过羊、养过猪，当过炊事员，”他在1988年的讲话中回忆道。

When the revolution wound down with the illness and death of Mao in 1976, Mr. Zhu spent two years training power transmission workers. As China’s politics began to thaw, he regained his government rank as a deputy director general — the same level he had held as a rising star 20 years earlier.

1976年，随着毛泽东病重并去世，这场革命逐渐收尾，在两年时间里，朱镕基从事电力输送工人的培训工作。随着中国政治局势开始解冻，他恢复了副司局级的政府职务——这正是他20年前作为政治新星时的职级。

1997年，从左至右依次为：中共中央总书记江泽民、国务院总理李鹏以及朱镕基。担任副总理期间，朱镕基分管贸易与工业生产。

Mr. Zhu’s Communist Party membership was retroactively restored in late 1978, with full seniority dating from when he joined the party in 1949. He was named research director for industrial economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. According to the 2008 biography, Mr. Zhu watched as academy officials burned his letter of expulsion from the party and the documents that had been used as evidence to condemn him as a rightist.

1978年底，朱镕基的党籍得以恢复，党龄追溯至1949年入党之时。他被调往中国社会科学院工业经济研究所担任研究室主任。2008年出版的那本传记记载，朱镕基亲眼看着社科院工作人员焚毁了他被开除党籍的通知书，以及当年用来将他定为“右派”的相关材料。

Mr. Zhu quickly became one of China’s leading economic thinkers on industrial and rural issues. Within five years, he was vice minister of the State Economic Commission.

朱镕基迅速成为中国在工业和农村问题领域领先的经济思想家之一。五年内，他便升任国家经委副主任。

A Teacher and a Mentor

师长与伯乐

As his career soared, he began a project that would have long-lasting influence: He founded the School of Economics and Management at his alma mater, Tsinghua. He began training a large cohort of economists and finance experts who went on to fill many top posts for decades. (Xi Jinping, China’s current top leader, has limited the influence of these technocrats, however, by creating Communist Party commissions that took considerable decision-making authority away from government agencies stocked with Mr. Zhu’s protégés.)

随着仕途节节攀升，他开启了一个具有深远影响的项目：在母校清华大学创立了经济管理学院。他开始培养大批经济和金融专家，这些人在此后的数十年间出任了许多要职。（不过，中国现任最高领导人习近平通过设立中共中央委员会等机制，削弱了这些技术官僚的影响力，将相当一部分决策权从朱镕基门生云集的政府部门收回。）

Mr. Zhu was a popular lecturer at the university on trade, inflation, economic output and other issues, recalled one of his students, Li Shan, now a prominent Chinese financier who has been active in Hong Kong politics.

现已成为中国知名金融人士、活跃于香港政坛的李山回忆说，朱镕基曾是该校深受学生欢迎的讲师，授课内容涵盖贸易、通货膨胀、经济产出等议题。

Mr. Zhu persuaded Mr. Li to leave a Wall Street career at Goldman Sachs to work at the state-owned China Development Bank in Beijing.

朱镕基还劝说李山放弃在华尔街高盛的职业生涯，回到北京的国有银行国家开发银行工作。

“He is very easygoing. He’d have a big smile,” Mr. Li said in an interview for this obituary in 2022. “Normally, people think he is very serious, very tough. But at school, he was a completely different person.”

“他非常随和，总是笑容满面，”李山在2022年为这篇讣告接受采访时说道。“通常人们认为他非常严肃、非常强硬。但在学校里，他完全是另一个人。”

1998年，香港民众观看电视上的朱镕基。

After working his way up the economic policy ranks in Beijing, Mr. Zhu became the mayor of Shanghai in 1988. He came under Mr. Deng’s wing soon after.

在北京的经济政策体系中一路晋升后，朱镕基于1988年出任上海市市长。很快他便成为邓小平的得力助手。

Starting in late January 1990, the elderly Mr. Deng began spending the first days of each Chinese New Year not in frozen Beijing but in milder Shanghai. There, Mr. Deng had long discussions about Mr. Zhu’s plans to redevelop the Pudong area across the Huangpu River from downtown Shanghai.

从1990年1月底开始，年事已高的邓小平开始在气候适宜的上海而非冰天雪地的北京过年。在那里，邓小平与朱镕基就黄浦江对岸浦东地区的开发规划进行了深入探讨。

The area was occupied by aging, state-owned warehouses and farms. Mr. Zhu envisioned turning it into the modern financial center with skyscrapers that it is today. Mr. Deng not only supported those plans but, after a second visit to Shanghai in early 1991, brought Mr. Zhu back to Beijing as a vice premier with special responsibility for trade and industrial production.

当时，浦东仍遍布老旧的国有仓库和农田。朱镕基当时就设想将其打造成如今这般高楼林立的现代化金融中心。邓小平不仅支持这一构想，1991年初第二次访问上海后，他将朱镕基调回北京，出任副总理，分管对外贸易和工业生产。

A year later, Mr. Deng elevated Mr. Zhu onto the Politburo Standing Committee — the innermost circle of power in the Chinese Communist Party. Six years after that, Mr. Zhu was premier, a post he held until 2003.

一年后，邓小平将朱镕基提拔进入政治局常委会，这是中国共产党权力的核心圈层。六年后，朱镕基出任国务院总理，并一直任职至2003年。

While Mr. Zhu was premier, his son, Levin Zhu Yunlai, was the most visible investment banker at the China International Capital Corporation. C.I.C.C., as it is known, worked with Wall Street banks to list the shares of big Chinese state-owned enterprises on Western stock exchanges.

朱镕基担任总理期间，他的儿子朱云来是中国国际金融股份有限公司最受瞩目的投资银行家。中金公司与华尔街投行合作，推动大型中国国有企业在西方证券市场上市。

In addition to his son, Mr. Zhu’s family included Lao An, his wife of seven decades, as well as a daughter, Zhu Yanlai. Hong Kong news media reported in 2019 that Mr. Zhu also had at least one granddaughter, the daughter of Zhu Yanlai.

除儿子外，朱镕基的遗属还包括与其结婚70载的夫人劳安，以及女儿朱燕来。香港媒体2019年报道称，朱镕基至少还有一个孙辈，也就是朱燕来之女。

马铃薯有多健康？

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:06:02 +0000

ALEXANDRA PATTILLO

2026年8月12日

Sweet potatoes tend to get most of the nutritional glory, but regular potatoes (russets, fingerlings, red and Yukon Golds) deserve another look. The tubers help to support your immune system, aid in various bodily functions and keep you energized.

甘薯往往因营养价值备受推崇，但普通马铃薯（如褐皮马铃薯、拇指马铃薯、红皮马铃薯和育空金马铃薯）同样值得我们重新审视。这种块茎类蔬菜有助于增强免疫系统，促进身体各项机能，让你保持精力充沛。

“Potatoes often get a bad reputation” because they’re commonly eaten in the form of French fries or potato chips, said Tal Kleiner, a clinical nutrition manager at NYU Langone Health. But when they’re prepared in a healthy way, potatoes are an “amazing, nutrient-dense” food, she added.

纽约大学朗格尼健康中心的临床营养经理塔尔·克莱纳表示：“马铃薯经常名声不佳”，因为人们通常以炸薯条或薯片的形式食用它们。但她补充道，如果以健康的方式烹饪，马铃薯其实是一种“非常棒、营养丰富”的食物。

Here’s what to know, along with some recipes from New York Times Cooking.

以下是您需要了解的知识，以及来自《纽约时报》烹饪频道的一些食谱。

They stoke your energy.

马铃薯能够补充能量

Potatoes are high in carbohydrates (a medium-size peeled russet potato has about 35 grams), but that doesn’t make them “inherently bad,” explained Tara Schmidt, a dietitian and instructor of nutrition at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. — it just means they may not be considered an “unlimited” food.

明尼苏达州罗切斯特市的梅奥诊所的营养师兼营养学讲师塔拉·施密特解释说，马铃薯含有大量的碳水化合物（一个中等大小、去皮的褐皮马铃薯约含35克碳水化合物），但这并不意味着它们“天生不好”，只是说明它们不能被视为可以“无限量食用”的食物。

Potatoes are complex carbs that take longer for the body to break down and digest than simple carbs, so they provide a steadier source of energy, which helps you feel fueled and fuller for longer, Ms. Kleiner said.

克莱纳表示，马铃薯属于复合碳水化合物，身体分解和消化它们的时间比简单碳水化合物更长，因此它们能够提供更稳定的能量来源，帮助你更持久地保持精力充沛和饱腹感。

But certain varieties do have a high glycemic index, meaning they can rapidly spike blood sugar, Ms. Kleiner said. Diets rich in foods with a high G.I. have been linked to an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease. Waxy potatoes, like fingerlings and red potatoes, tend to have a lower G.I. than russet or Idaho potatoes, she explained, and boiled and roasted potatoes have a lower G.I. than fried or mashed ones.

但克莱纳也指出，某些品种的升糖指数确实很高，这意味着它们会导致血糖迅速飙升。富含高升糖指数食物的饮食习惯已被证实会增加患糖尿病和心脏病的风险。她解释说，蜡质马铃薯（如拇指马铃薯和红皮马铃薯）升糖指数通常低于褐皮马铃薯或爱达荷马铃薯，而且煮马铃薯和烤马铃薯的升糖指数也低于炸马铃薯或马铃薯泥。

To help manage blood sugar spikes and slow digestion, Ms. Schmidt suggested “meal balancing” by pairing potatoes with lean protein, healthy fats and nonstarchy vegetables.

为了帮助控制血糖骤升并减缓消化，施密特建议通过“饮食平衡”的方式，将马铃薯与瘦肉蛋白、健康脂肪和非淀粉类蔬菜搭配食用。

They support a healthy immune system.

马铃薯有助于维持健康的免疫系统

Potatoes are a surprisingly solid source of vitamin C. One medium peeled russet potato offers about 25 percent of the recommended daily amount. Vitamin C is essential for the growth and repair of tissue. It also acts as an antioxidant, keeping your immune system strong and helping to protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

令人惊讶的是，马铃薯是维生素C的优质来源。一个中等大小、去皮的褐皮马铃薯大约能提供每日推荐摄入量的25%。维生素C对组织的生长和修复至关重要。它还具有抗氧化作用，保持免疫系统强健，有助于预防心脏病和癌症等慢性疾病。

Potatoes are also full of phenolics, a type of polyphenol that helps reduce inflammation, regulate immune function and protect cells from damage.

马铃薯还富含酚类物质，是一种有助于减轻炎症、调节免疫功能并保护细胞免受损伤的多酚。

And they contain a modest amount of vitamin B6, which is needed for cardiovascular, immune and mental health, said Mary Ellen Camire, a professor of food science and human nutrition at the University of Maine who has studied potatoes’ health benefits.

此外，缅因大学食品科学与人类营养学教授玛丽·艾伦·卡米尔说，它们还含有适量的维生素B6，这对于心血管、免疫系统和心理健康都是必不可少的，，她曾深入研究过马铃薯的健康益处。

They have more potassium than a banana.

马铃薯的钾含量比香蕉还高

Potassium is an electrolyte that the cells in your nerves and muscles need to function, and it helps keep blood pressure in check. But few people get enough potassium in their diet.

钾是一种电解质，是神经和肌肉细胞维持正常功能所必需的，它也有助于控制血压。但很少有人能够通过日常饮食摄入足够的钾。

One medium peeled russet potato has about 900 milligrams, compared with 650 milligrams in a similar serving of banana. That’s roughly 30 percent of the recommended daily amount.

一个中等大小、去皮的褐皮马铃薯大约含有900毫克钾，大约占到每日推荐摄入量的30%，相比之下，同等份量的香蕉含量只有650毫克。

And don’t forget the skin.

别忘了马铃薯皮

Potato skins contain much of the vegetable’s phenolics, as well as its fiber. One medium baked potato with the skin on has about 10 to 20 percent of the recommended daily amount of fiber, depending on a person’s age and sex.

马铃薯皮中含有它大部分的酚类物质以及膳食纤维。一个带皮烤制的中等大小马铃薯大约含有每日推荐膳食纤维摄入量的10%到20%（具体比例取决于个人的年龄和性别）。

The darker the color of the skin and flesh, the more nutritious the potato, said Mary Ellen DiPaola, a senior outpatient dietitian at the University of California, San Francisco.

加州大学旧金山分校的高级门诊营养师玛丽·艾伦·迪保罗表示，马铃薯的皮和肉颜色越深，营养就越丰富。

Purple and red potatoes are packed with pigments called anthocyanins, which can promote cardiovascular health, slow starch digestion and help stave off cognitive problems, Dr. Camire said.

卡米尔博士说，紫色和红色马铃薯富含一种叫做花青素的色素，可以促进心血管健康、延缓淀粉消化，并有助于预防认知障碍。

Is there a best way to eat potatoes?

吃马铃薯有最佳方法吗？

To fully reap the nutritional benefits, preparation is the key. When baked, roasted or boiled with minimal add-ons, potatoes are virtually fat-free. But piling them with butter or sour cream or frying them can quickly torpedo their nutritional profile. Instead, experts recommend a drizzle of olive oil or hot sauce.

要想充分获得其营养价值，烹饪方法是关键。若以烘烤、炙烤或水煮，且仅添加极少配料，马铃薯的脂肪含量几乎为零。但若在其上堆满黄油、酸奶油，或使用油炸，就会立刻破坏其的营养成分。专家建议，淋上少许橄榄油或辣酱即可。

Potatoes are a more nutrient-dense option than processed white starches like rice or pasta, Ms. DiPaola said. “And who doesn’t like potatoes?”

迪保罗表示，与大米或意大利面等加工过的白色淀粉相比，马铃薯是一种营养密度更高的选择。“况且，谁不爱吃马铃薯呢？”

With that, here are some recipes from NYT Cooking.

说了这么多，以下是几道来自《纽约时报》烹饪版的食谱：

1. One-Pan Chicken With Golden Potatoes

1. 单锅黄金马铃薯烤鸡

David Malosh for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Hadas Smirnoff.

In this family-friendly dinner, turmeric lends its yellow hue and earthy aroma to red potatoes, onions and chicken thighs.

在这道适合全家享用的晚餐中，姜黄为红皮马铃薯、洋葱和鸡腿染上了金黄的色泽，带来了泥土般的芬芳。

Recipe: One-Pan Chicken With Golden Potatoes

食谱：单锅黄金马铃薯烤鸡

2. Olive Oil Mashed Potatoes

2. 橄榄油马铃薯泥

Simmering whole garlic cloves with Yukon Golds gives these creamy, Thanksgiving-worthy potatoes a nice bite (as does good olive oil).

将整瓣大蒜与育空金马铃薯一起慢炖，赋予这款适合感恩节的奶油马铃薯泥极佳的口感（优质的橄榄油同样功不可没）。

Recipe: Olive Oil Mashed Potatoes

食谱：橄榄油马铃薯泥

3. Chermoula Potato and Fish Stew

3. 查莫拉酱马铃薯炖鱼

Mark Weinberg for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Monica Pierini.

Moroccan chermoula — a fragrant blend of warm spices, herbs, lemon and garlic — makes mild russet potatoes and white fish taste big and bold.

摩洛哥查莫拉酱（一种混合了温和香料、香草、柠檬和大蒜的芳香酱料）让味道清淡的褐皮马铃薯和白肉鱼散发出浓郁奔放的风味。

Recipe: Chermoula Potato and Fish Stew

食谱：查莫拉酱马铃薯炖鱼

4. Greek Lemon Potatoes

4. 希腊风味柠檬马铃薯

Using the Greek method of roasting potatoes in olive oil, lemon juice and stock results in potatoes that are crispy outside, creamy inside and deeply flavorful throughout.

采用希腊式做法，将马铃薯放在橄榄油、柠檬汁和高汤中烤制，成品外酥里嫩，且由内而外充满浓郁的风味。

Recipe: Greek Lemon Potatoes

食谱：希腊风味柠檬马铃薯

5. Citrusy Roasted Salmon and Potatoes

5. 柑橘烤三文鱼配马铃薯

Bobbi Lin for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Monica Pierini.

Roasting a whole slab of salmon over thinly sliced Yukon Golds enriches the citrus-sauced spuds.

将整块三文鱼放在切成薄片的育空金马铃薯上烤制，让裹着柑橘酱汁的马铃薯充分吸收鱼肉的鲜美。

Recipe: Citrusy Roasted Salmon and Potatoes

食谱：柑橘烤三文鱼配马铃薯

获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site

“年度推销员特朗普”：油价高企推动电动摩托车热潮

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 05:36:02 +0000

CHICO HARLAN, ZIA ur-REHMAN

2026年8月12日

Asim Hafeez for The New York Times

The frenzy started on a single street in Lahore, Pakistan, where a half-dozen showrooms sprang up selling the same thing — electric motorcycles — and still couldn’t keep up with demand. As gasoline prices soared this year a seventh store opened, followed by an eighth. Another two are doing business just around the corner.

这场热潮始于巴基斯坦拉合尔的一条街道，那里一下子冒出了六七家展厅，卖的都是同一样东西——电动摩托车，但依然供不应求。随着今年汽油价格飙升，第七家店开业了，接着是第八家。街角附近还有两家在做生意。

And that was just the beginning.

而这仅仅是个开始。

Electric motorcycles scarcely existed in Pakistan three years ago. But across the country, new brands are arriving by the week with names like Vlektra and Jolta, from some 84 companies and counting.

三年前，电动摩托车在巴基斯坦几乎还不存在。但如今，各地每周都有新的电动摩托车品牌涌现，例如Vlektra和Jolta，目前已有约84家公司生产电动摩托车，而且数量还在不断增加。

They’re a mix of shoestring operations, venture-capital-backed start-ups and preexisting companies that see the potential and are jumping in. Even the Pakistani maker of Massey Ferguson tractors plans to launch an electric motorcycle line.

它们当中既有小本经营，也有风投支持的初创企业，还有看到潜力后纷纷入局的老公司。就连巴基斯坦的梅西·弗格森拖拉机生产商也计划推出电动摩托车系列。

The surge signals how quickly, and perhaps permanently, people in developing countries are pivoting away from fossil fuels as the war in Iran keeps oil prices high.

这股热潮表明，随着伊朗战争推高油价，发展中国家的人们正在迅速地、或许是永久性地摆脱对化石燃料的依赖。

“If all these people convert to electric, even 500 companies would not be enough,” said Mumtaz Hussain, the national sales manager for Eveon, which has a showroom on one end of the street, Maulana Shaukat Ali Road, where much of the shopping is happening in Lahore.

“如果所有这些人都改用电动车，就算有500家公司也不够，”Eveon的全国销售经理穆姆塔兹·侯赛因说。Eveon在拉合尔的主要购物街毛拉纳·肖卡特·阿里路的一端拥有一间展厅。

位于毛拉纳·肖卡特·阿里路的Eveon展厅。

Electric motorcycles are a crucial indicator of changes driven by war. In poorer countries, where people are most vulnerable to energy-price shocks, two-wheelers are far more common than cars. Electric models typically cost more to buy than gasoline-powered versions.

电动摩托车是战争驱动变革的一个重要指标。在那些最容易受到能源价格冲击的贫穷国家，两轮车远比汽车普遍。电动车型的价格通常高于燃油版。

But rising gasoline prices have given electrics a big advantage: It’s cheaper to charge a battery than to fill up a fuel tank.

但汽油价格上涨给电动车带来了巨大优势：充电比加油便宜。

In Vietnam, famous for its motorcycle-swarmed streets, the biggest domestic producer, VinFast, has seen soaring sales. In Kenya, about 25 to 35 percent of new motorcycle sales are electric, said Gagan Gupta, the founder of Spiro, the largest electric vehicle company operating in Africa. He said the energy shock helped “multiply everything by two times.”

在以摩托车挤满街道闻名的越南，最大的本土生产商VinFast销量飙升。在肯尼亚，非洲最大的电动汽车公司Spiro的创始人加甘·古普塔表示，大约25%至35%的新摩托车销售是电动的。他说，能源冲击帮助“把所有数字都翻了一倍”。

In all these places, people in the industry increasingly tout the idea that future generations will never operate a gasoline-powered vehicle. “The demand is effectively open-ended,” said Josh Whale, the founder of Ampersand, an electric-motorcycle company that operates in Kenya and Rwanda.

在所有这些地方，业内越来越多的人宣扬这样一种理念：未来几代人将再也不会驾驶汽油车。“需求实际上是无限的，”在肯尼亚和卢旺达运营的电动摩托车公司Ampersand的创始人乔什·惠尔说。

That is certainly true in Pakistan, where motorbikes make up about 80 percent of vehicles on the road and often count as the most valuable thing a person owns.

在巴基斯坦肯定是如此，该国道路上大约80%的车辆是摩托车，它们往往被视为一个人拥有的最宝贵的东西。

In Pakistan, sales of electric two-wheelers rose 173 percent during the first half of the year, according to MotorCycles Data, a market-intelligence firm. It attributed the jump to both the oil price increase and a government subsidy program. Hamza Asad, the director of sales for Evee, the country’s largest electric seller, said that 90,000 electric two-wheelers were sold nationwide between April and June, compared with 112,000 for the entire year in 2025.

根据市场情报公司MotorCycles Data的数据，巴基斯坦今年上半年电动两轮车销量增长了173%。该公司将这一跃升归因于油价上涨和政府补贴计划。该国最大电动车销售商Evee的销售总监哈姆扎·阿萨德表示，4月至6月全国共售出9万辆电动两轮车，而2025年全年为11.2万辆。

About 1.9 million motorbikes, gasoline or otherwise, are purchased in Pakistan in a typical year.

在正常年份，巴基斯坦的摩托车销量约为190万辆，这包括了汽油或非汽油车辆。

“Trump is the biggest salesman. Salesman of the year,” said Muhammad Salman, the managing director of Yadea Pakistan, which has a showroom on the same street, referring to the increase in demand for gas-free bikes that has followed the president’s decision to attack Iran.

“特朗普是最厉害的推销员。年度推销员，”雅迪巴基斯坦公司总经理穆罕默德·萨尔曼说。他的公司在同一条街上也有展厅。他这番话指的是，总统决定攻击伊朗之后对不使用汽油的摩托车的需求上升。

雅迪巴基斯坦总经理穆罕默德·萨尔曼表示：“特朗普是最厉害的推销员。”雅迪经销店的一名保安和销售员。最近在拉合尔举行的一场包括电动摩托车在内的清洁能源技术展览会展出了大量中国产品。

In Pakistan, the world’s fifth most populous country, the proliferation comes from a mix of homegrown ingenuity and Chinese opportunism.

在巴基斯坦这个全球第五人口大国，这种普及既得益于本土的创造力，也来自中国的商机把握。

A handful of Pakistani companies use chassis and tires manufactured domestically while relying on batteries and motors from China. But other companies depend on China almost entirely. They import bikes essentially like IKEA furniture, in ready-to-assemble packages that need little more than a logo.

少数巴基斯坦公司使用国产车架和轮胎，同时依赖中国的电池和电机。但除此之外其他公司几乎完全依赖中国。它们进口的摩托车基本就像宜家家具一样，是待组装的套件，只需要贴个牌就行。

China has a constellation of companies, mostly in the city of Wuxi, that offer these customizable kits. Pakistan, aiming to clear up its polluted skies, applies duties of only 1 percent on such imports.

中国有一批公司——大部分在无锡市——提供这些可定制的套件。为了改善空气，巴基斯坦对这类进口只征收1%的关税。

At a recent trade expo in Lahore, Claire Cheng, the foreign trade manager at Engtian, a Wuxi-based manufacturer of electric-motorcycle kits, asked passers-by: “Are you starting a company?”

在拉合尔最近的一次贸易博览会上，无锡电动摩托车套件制造商腾辉(Engtian)的外贸经理克莱尔·程问过路人：“您要创办公司吗？”

She had arrived with a bag of business cards, some candies and plenty of brochures filled with 85 possible motorcycle designs, from Vespa-style city scooters to rugged models with fat tires. “We can provide you with your own brand,” she said.

她带了一袋名片、一些糖果和大量宣传册，里面包含85种可能的摩托车设计，从Vespa风格的城市踏板车到带粗轮胎的越野款。“我们可以为您提供您自己的品牌，”她说。

拉合尔一座印有中国国家主席习近平画像的高架桥。

Lahore has hundreds of electric motorcycle showrooms. But the stores around Maulana Shaukat Ali Road have become the nucleus for the industry, clustered in a middle-class neighborhood among a cake store, a butcher and a Subway sandwich shop.

拉合尔有数百家电动摩托车展厅。但毛拉纳·肖卡特·阿里路沿线的商店已成为该行业的核心，集中在一个中产阶级社区，周围有一家蛋糕店、一家肉铺和一家赛百味三明治店。

Among the earliest brands on the street was Metro, whose motorbikes come in the ready-made units from China, said Usman Arif, the chief executive of Arif Motors, which sells the bikes. Soon after came Evee, which opened on a nearby street, and which recently doubled the length of its Lahore assembly line, where parts come from both China and Pakistan.

这条街上最早的品牌之一是Metro，销售这些车的Arif Motors首席执行官乌斯曼·阿里夫说，其摩托车是从中国进口的成品套件。随后不久，Evee在附近一条街开业，最近其拉合尔组装线长度翻了一倍，该组装线使用来自中国和巴基斯坦的零部件。

Mr. Asad, Evee’s director of sales, said his hope is that the company’s name, pronounced “E.V.,” becomes synonymous with the product. “Like Kleenex,” he said.

Evee的销售总监阿萨德先生表示，他希望公司名称（读作“E.V.”）能成为产品的代名词。“就像Kleenex一样，”他说。

Then there is Vlektra, which opened its dealership just weeks after the start of the Iran war this year. The company’s origins trace back to New York City, where its founder, Syed Raza Mohsin, had been working in his 30s at a hedge fund and “hanging out with too many old rich people,” he said.

然后是今年伊朗战争爆发仅几周后开设了经销店的Vlektra。该公司的起源要追溯到纽约，创始人赛义德·拉扎·莫辛30多岁时在那里的一家对冲基金工作，“和太多有钱的老年人混在一起”，他说。

Mr. Mohsin, now 43, remembers looking at Tesla’s soaring sales figures and realizing that his home country would miss out on any E.V. transition that depended on buying $40,000-plus vehicles. So he returned to Pakistan, hired a few people, and tried to figure out if it was possible to make a two-wheeler for around $1,000.

现年43岁的莫辛记得，看到特斯拉飙升的销售数据，他意识到，如果电动化转型必须依靠购买4万多美元的汽车才能实现，那他的祖国将彻底被拒之门外。于是他回到巴基斯坦，雇了几个人，试图弄清楚能否制造一辆大约1000美元的两轮车。

Mr. Mohsin knew his target market. To appeal to buyers, any bike needed to be visually comparable to the de facto national motorcycle of Pakistan, the Honda CD 70. It’s everywhere, and it has scarcely changed its appearance in 40 years. The CD 70 doesn’t even have a fuel gauge.

莫辛了解他的目标市场。为了吸引买家，任何摩托车都需要在外观上与巴基斯坦事实上的国民摩托车——本田CD 70——相媲美。这种车随处可见，而且40年来外观几乎没有变化。CD 70甚至连油量表都没有。

位于拉合尔郊区的Evee工厂。随着需求上升，Evee组装厂最近扩大了其组装线。购买一辆Vlektra摩托车后合影留念。

But it is a workhorse. It can churn through shin-high monsoon floodwaters or power up rural roads. And it famously holds its resale value.

但它是一头耐用的役马。它可以趟过齐膝深的季风洪水，也能在乡村道路上爬坡。而且它以保值著称。

“We wanted some sense of familiarity,” said Mr. Mohsin, who ultimately rolled out a model with a Honda-like profile and similar 17-inch rims. It even has a familiar but purely decorative cap for a nonexistent fuel tank.

“我们希望有一些熟悉感，”莫辛说，他最终推出了一款具有类似本田外形和相似17英寸轮辋的车型。它甚至有一个熟悉但纯属装饰的盖子，盖在一个并不存在的油箱上。

Not everything went smoothly. Vlektra has tried to source parts domestically, but five years after its first sale, its bikes, even those lined up in the showroom, don’t always have consistent details in the metal work.

不过也并非一切顺利。Vlektra曾尝试在国内采购零部件，但自从卖出第一辆车五年后，即使是展厅里陈列的摩托车，其金属部件的细节也并非总是完全一致。

And this spring, the company kept taking orders but couldn’t keep pace with deliveries. Buyers fired off negative reviews about three-month wait times. “It’s not a pretty sight, and I am not proud of it,” Mr. Mohsin said.

今年春天，该公司不断接单，却跟不上交付速度。买家们纷纷发出差评，抱怨要等三个月。“这可不是什么光彩的事，我感到难堪，”莫辛说。

Still, on a recent Wednesday night along Maulana Shaukat Ali Road, Vlektra had the busiest store. One of the shoppers was Haider Ali Khan, who said he was spending 8 percent of his salary on fuel and had become convinced the “next age is electric.” Another man, Saad Bin Arif, said he’d come from 200 miles away — not to buy a bike, but to inquire about opening a dealership of his own.

尽管如此，在最近一个周三的晚上，毛拉纳·肖卡特·阿里路上的Vlektra店是最繁忙的。其中一位购车者海德尔·阿里·汗说，他的工资有8%要花在燃油上，并且已经确信“下一个时代是电动的”。另一个人萨德·本·阿里夫说，他从300多公里外赶来——不是来买车，而是来咨询开设自己的经销店。

And yes, the store has attracted Honda devotees.

没错，这家店也吸引了本田的粉丝。

Abdul Rafay said he had never considered himself an “electric guy.” He’d been driving his Honda CD 70 for 10 years, nearly 100,000 miles, and called it “the best beauty you have in Pakistan.” But he commuted more than 40 miles per day for his software job. He liked the look of the Vlektra. And the math had become impossible to ignore.

阿卜杜勒·拉法伊说他从不认为自己是个“电动爱好者”。他开本田CD 70已经10年，行驶了近16万公里，并称其为“巴基斯坦最棒的宝贝”。但他的软件工作每天上下班通勤超过65公里。他喜欢Vlektra的外观。而且这笔经济账已经无法忽视。

“If I can save a few rupees,” he said, “I’ll do it.”

“如果我能省下几卢比，”他说，“我就会去做。”

阿卜杜勒·拉法伊骑着他的新Vlektra摩托车。

美国拦截弹库存减少，伊朗调整策略发动猛攻

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 03:36:02 +0000

ERIC SCHMITT, HELENE COOPER

2026年8月12日

随着战争的推进，伊朗已成为一名更加老练的对手，在将战场扩大到中东大部分地区的同时，也学会了如何规避美国的防空系统。 Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

During five intense days last month, Iran launched waves of drones and missiles at U.S. troops on three bases in Jordan, hoping to break through the formidable American air defenses.

上个月，在持续五天的激烈交锋中，伊朗向驻扎在约旦三个基地的美军发动了一轮又一轮无人机和导弹袭击，试图突破美国强大的防空系统。

Using advanced missiles that can suddenly change course, Iran pummeled the bases’ defensive systems, forcing the Americans to burn through scarce supplies of Patriot interceptors.

伊朗使用能够突然改变飞行轨迹的先进导弹不断猛攻这些基地的防御系统，迫使美军不断消耗爱国者拦截导弹本已捉襟见肘的储备。

On the fifth day, the Iranians broke through.

第五天，伊朗撕开了防线。

A missile struck prefabricated housing units at one of the bases on July 17, killing three U.S. soldiers and wounding more than 100. Pentagon officials later acknowledged that scores of other troops were injured and several aircraft damaged in attacks in Jordan that week.

7月17日，一枚导弹击中了其中一处基地的预制住宅单元，造成三名美国士兵死亡，逾100人受伤。五角大楼官员随后承认，当周在约旦的一系列袭击中，另有数十名士兵受伤，数架飞机遭到损毁。

“We shot down almost all the missiles,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio said when asked about the fatal attack. “One leaked through.”

在被问及这起致命袭击时，美国国务卿鲁比奥说：“我们击落了几乎所有导弹。有一枚漏网了。”

The strikes reveal a deadly confluence of two important trends: First, Iran has become a more skilled adversary as the war has progressed, learning how to evade U.S. air defenses as it widened the battlefield to include most of the Middle East and enlisted allies like the Houthis in Yemen and militias in Iraq.

这些袭击暴露出两个重要趋势交织在一起所造成的致命后果。首先，随着战争持续，伊朗已经成为一个更加老练的对手。它逐渐学会了如何规避美国的防空系统，同时不断扩大作战范围，将中东大部分地区都纳入战场，并动员也门胡塞武装和伊拉克民兵等盟友参与其中。

Second, the Pentagon’s supply of interceptors has quickly dwindled, with the weapons becoming more precious each day of the off-and-on conflict.

其次，五角大楼的拦截弹供应迅速枯竭，在这场时断时续的冲突中，这些武器一天比一天珍贵。

The two trends drive home a point that has slowly emerged in the months since the war started, that a global superpower with a mighty military footprint can still be held at bay by a lesser adversary willing to wage asymmetric warfare to find any advantage it can.

这两大趋势印证了一个自数月前战争爆发以来逐渐显现的事实：一个拥有强大军事力量的全球超级大国仍然可能被一个愿意打非对称战争、寻求一切可乘之机的弱小对手所牵制。

The Pentagon has used more than 1,500 Patriot interceptor missiles in the war and has fewer than 1,700 interceptors left, according to two people briefed on the stockpile levels who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive military details. The United States produced about 600 interceptors in all of 2025.

据两位了解库存情况、因讨论敏感军事细节而要求匿名的人士透露，五角大楼在这场战争中已使用了超过1500枚爱国者拦截弹，剩余不足1700枚。美国在2025年全年共生产了约600枚拦截弹。

The rapid depletion is occurring as Iranian forces study another war. In Ukraine, Russia has used combinations of ballistic and cruise missiles to distract Ukrainian air defenses, and then rushed in drones.

而就在伊朗部队迅速消耗美国拦截弹库存的同时，他们也在研究另一场战争所提供的经验。在乌克兰，俄罗斯使用弹道导弹和巡航导弹的组合来分散乌克兰防空系统的注意力，然后以无人机快速突袭。

“The Iranians are making it more difficult on air defenses when you have a range of both missiles and drones coming in,” said Seth G. Jones, the president of the defense and security department at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

“当导弹和无人机同时来袭时，伊朗人正在让防空系统变得更加难以应对，”战略与国际研究中心防务与安全部主任塞斯·琼斯说。

7月，美国总统特朗普、国防部长海格塞斯及其他美国官员出席在约旦一处空军基地阵亡美军士兵的遗体转运仪式。

“They have effectively leveraged the Russian tactic,” he said, “to make it more difficult to protect across locations in the Gulf.”

“他们实际上借鉴了俄罗斯的战术，”他说，“让美国更难以保护海湾地区各处的目标。”

On a single day during that deadly week last month, according to two U.S. officials, American forces in the Middle East fired about 50 Patriot interceptors, which cost about $4 million each.

据两名美国官员透露，在上月造成美军人员死亡的那一周里，仅其中一天，美军就在中东地区发射了约50枚爱国者拦截弹，每枚造价约400万美元。

The Pentagon has continued to face a powerful threat, which it has tried to minimize, in the months since major combat ended in early April.

自4月初主要战斗结束以来，五角大楼一直面临着一个强大的威胁，只是一直在试图淡化这一威胁。

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth told reporters on April 8 that Iran’s missile program was “functionally destroyed,” that its launchers and missiles were “depleted and decimated and almost completely ineffective.”

国防部长皮特·海格塞斯4月8日在记者招待会上表示，伊朗的导弹项目已被“实质性摧毁”，其发射装置和导弹“已经消耗殆尽、遭到重创，几乎完全丧失作战能力”。

Most of Iran’s missiles and launchers were stored in vast underground facilities that U.S. and Israeli forces heavily bombed during the first five weeks of the war. But Iran dug out many of those sites and resumed firing, bringing shipping in the Strait of Hormuz to a near standstill and threatening American troops in the region.

伊朗的大部分导弹和发射装置此前都储存在庞大的地下设施中，美国和以色列军队在战争最初五周内对这些设施进行了猛烈轰炸。但伊朗随后疏通了许多被阻塞的设施，重新开火，使霍尔木兹海峡的航运几近瘫痪，并威胁到驻扎在该地区的美军。

President Trump and his national security advisers assumed the fight would be short and would not jeopardize the Pentagon’s stockpiles of Patriot interceptors, said Vali Nasr, a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学高级国际问题研究学院教授瓦利·纳斯尔表示，特朗普总统及其国家安全顾问原本认为这场战争会很短，不会危及五角大楼的爱国者拦截导弹库存。

But Tehran, he and other Iran experts say, had been waiting for this moment since the conflict began more than five months ago. During a 12-day war in June 2025, Iran’s leaders had seen how quickly Israeli and American forces burned through ballistic missile interceptors to knock down barrages of Iranian drones and missiles.

但他和其他伊朗问题专家表示，德黑兰自五个多月前冲突开始以来就一直在等待这一刻。2025年6月那场持续12天的战争中，伊朗领导人已经看到以色列和美国军队为了拦截伊朗发动的大规模无人机和导弹袭击，弹道导弹拦截弹的消耗速度之快。

Iran’s deadliest strikes against U.S. forces in Jordan targeted Muwaffaq Salti Air Base in Azraq, a Jordanian military installation that the U.S. Air Force has increasingly used as a major hub for dozens of aircraft and several thousand service members.

伊朗对约旦美军发动的最致命袭击目标是位于阿兹拉克的穆瓦法克·萨尔蒂空军基地。这是约旦军方的一处军事设施，美国空军近年来越来越多地将其作为一个重要枢纽，在那里部署数十架飞机和数千名军人。

Many U.S. troops previously stationed in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates were moved before and during the war to bases like Muwaffaq Salti in Jordan that were farther from Iran and deemed safer from drone and ballistic attacks.

战争开始前及战争期间，许多原先驻扎在科威特、巴林、卡塔尔和阿拉伯联合酋长国的美军被调往约旦的穆瓦法克·萨尔蒂等基地。这些基地离伊朗更远，被认为更不容易受到无人机和弹道导弹的攻击。

战争的前五周，美国和以色列轰炸了伊朗多处导弹基地，但伊朗随后疏通了许多被阻塞的设施并重新开火，使得霍尔木兹海峡的航运几乎陷入停滞。 Getty Images/Getty Images

In the days immediately after the strike on July 17, American military commanders strengthened air defenses in Jordan and elsewhere in the region, said a senior U.S. military official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss operational matters but declined to provide more details.

一名美国高级军方官员表示，在7月17日袭击发生后的几天里，美军指挥官加强了约旦以及该地区其他地方的防空力量。这名官员因讨论军事行动而要求匿名，他拒绝提供更多细节。

U.S. military specialists who have also studied drone and missile attacks in Ukraine have been working with the military’s Central Command for months, sharing lessons learned from that campaign. Two of the three soldiers killed in Jordan were assigned to air defense units based in Germany that became part of that effort.

同样深入研究过乌克兰无人机和导弹袭击的美国军事专家数月来一直与美军中央司令部密切合作，分享从乌克兰战场汲取的经验教训。在约旦阵亡的三名士兵中，有两人隶属于驻德国的防空单位，这些部队参与了上述合作。

This new reality is having geopolitical consequences.

这一新的现实正在产生深远的地缘政治影响。

In late July, Mr. Trump asked Mr. Hegseth about the dwindling American weapons supplies, U.S. officials said, confirming reporting by The Washington Post.

美国官员说，7月下旬，特朗普曾询问海格塞斯美国武器库存不断减少的问题，这印证了《华盛顿邮报》此前的相关报道。

The Pentagon has maintained publicly that it does not have a shortfall. “Claims of U.S. munition shortages are false,” the chief Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell said in a statement. “When the fake news media irresponsibly amplifies these lies, the real-world consequence is clear: Our enemies are emboldened to provoke — or attack — American troops.”

五角大楼在公开场合始终坚称并不存在弹药短缺问题。“有关美军弹药短缺的说法纯属捏造，”五角大楼首席发言人肖恩·帕内尔在一份声明中说，“当假新闻媒体不负责任地放大这些谎言，现实后果显而易见：我们的敌人将因此受到鼓舞，更敢于挑衅甚至主动袭击美国士兵。”

In April, Iran shot down an American F-15E fighter jet over southern Iran with a shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile. Both the pilot and the weapons officer ejected. The pilot was rescued quickly, but the weapons officer was missing for nearly two days, hiding from Iranian security forces until U.S. Special Operations forces rescued him in a daring operation.

今年4月，伊朗靠一枚肩扛式地对空导弹在该国南部上空击落了一架美军F-15E战斗机。飞行员和武器系统官均弹射逃生。飞行员被迅速救出，武器系统官却失踪了将近两天——他在伊朗安全部队的搜捕中东躲西藏，最终由美国特种作战部队在一次大胆行动中将其救回。

In this case, Iran learned from Ukraine and deployed a swarm of drones in an area American fighter jets had penetrated, a senior U.S. military official said. In interviews with Pentagon officials, the crew said that the F-15E’s defensive countermeasures provided only half a second of warning before Iran hit the $60 million advanced fighter jet with a shoulder-fired missile.

一名美国高级军方官员说，在此次事件中，伊朗吸取了乌克兰战场的经验，在美国战斗机已经进入的区域部署了无人机群。在与五角大楼官员的交谈中，机组人员表示，F-15E的防御反制系统只提供了半秒钟的预警，随后这架价值6000万美元的先进战斗机便遭到伊朗肩扛式导弹的袭击。

Mr. Trump announced a “pause” in the fighting shortly after that incident. Military officials needed time to adjust to Iran’s new tactics, two military officials said.

特朗普在该事件发生后不久宣布“暂停”战斗。两名军方官员说，军方需要时间来适应伊朗的新战术。

4月8日，海格塞斯对记者表示，伊朗的导弹计划“已被实质性摧毁”。 Kenny Holston/The New York Times

Even during breaks in fighting, those tactics have continued to evolve.

即使在战斗暂停期间，这些战术也仍在不断演变。

When the Houthi militia in Yemen entered the war last month, experts said it signaled Iran’s intention to force the United States and its allies to defend themselves from aerial attacks from all directions. Yemen is hundreds of miles south of Iran.

专家表示，上个月也门胡塞民兵组织参战，表明伊朗有意迫使美国及其盟友应对来自四面八方的空中攻击。也门位于伊朗以南约2000公里处。

International inspectors also believe that Iran is storing elements of its nuclear program in a heavily fortified underground complex in central Iran. The site, which the United States refers to as Pickaxe Mountain, is buried more than 300 feet beneath a mountain.

国际核查人员同样相信，伊朗正将其核计划的部分组成储存在伊朗中部一处坚固设防的地下综合体中。美方将这一地点称为“镐山”，它位于一座山体下方的100米深处。

And Iran has sent its troops and leaders to hide-outs scattered across the country, experts said.

专家表示，伊朗已将部队和领导人分散隐藏到全国各地的隐蔽地点。

“Where are they?” asked Mr. Nasr, of Johns Hopkins. “It’s not like they’re sitting in a place where you can bomb them. You don’t find them.”

“他们在哪里？”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的纳斯尔问道。“他们不是坐在某个地方等着你去炸。你根本找不到他们。”

配餐车“偷运”总统：特朗普秘密换机细节曝光

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 03:06:03 +0000

MAGGIE HABERMAN, ERIC SCHMITT, ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS

2026年8月12日

在土耳其的停机坪上，两辆航空配餐车与“空军一号”并排停放。 Doug Mills/The New York Times

Top administration officials engaged in an elaborate deception to spirit President Trump out of Turkey during the NATO summit there last month, transporting him in a catering container to a military jet because of a threat against him and Air Force One from Iran, two senior U.S. officials said on Monday.

周一，两名美国高级官员表示，由于伊朗对特朗普总统及“空军一号”构成威胁，美国政府高官在上月土耳其北约峰会期间实施了一场精心策划的掩人耳目行动，用航空配餐车将特朗普秘密转移到一架军用飞机上，将他带离土耳其。

Mr. Trump and other officials had said publicly that he would be leaving Turkey on July 8 aboard one of the older versions of Air Force One rather than a luxury 747-8 donated by Qatar that he had flown in on. Mr. Trump told reporters at the time that he was making the switch for “old time’s sake.”

特朗普及其他官员曾公开表示，他将于7月8日乘坐较旧型号的“空军一号”离开土耳其，而不是他来时乘坐的那架由卡塔尔赠送的豪华747-8客机。特朗普当时告诉记者，他做出这一改变是为了“怀旧”。

Mr. Trump boarded the older plane from the left-side door in view of cameras, and news organizations, including The New York Times, reported that he had traveled on it to Britain, where he switched back to the newer plane. The Times reported at the time that the decision was driven in part by concern about the security of the new plane donated by Qatar, which had not been equipped with all of the defensive capabilities of older versions.

在摄像机镜头前，特朗普从左侧舱门登上了那架较旧的飞机。包括《纽约时报》在内的新闻机构报道称，他乘坐该机前往英国，并在那里换乘了较新的飞机。《纽约时报》当时报道称，做出这一决定部分是出于担忧卡塔尔所赠新飞机的安全性，因为这架飞机没有配备老款型号所具备的所有防御功能。

But instead of flying out aboard that older, powder blue, modified 747, Mr. Trump was whisked off that plane via a catering container that had been lifted to the opposite side of the plane from where the journalists traveling with him boarded, one of the U.S. officials said. The president was then taken to a third plane, which he flew in secret to Britain, the official with knowledge of the matter said.

但其中一名美国官员透露，特朗普并没有乘坐那架经过改装的浅蓝色较旧747起飞，而是通过航空配餐车被迅速转移出那架飞机。该配餐车被升至与随行记者登机门相反的飞机另一侧。了解此事的官员称，总统随后被带到第三架飞机上，并秘密飞往英国。

Reporters on the older plane were not told that Mr. Trump had not flown with them from Turkey to an air base in Britain, making them unwitting participants in the ruse and leaving them, along with some White House staff members, to serve as unknowing decoys.

老式飞机上的记者们并未被告知特朗普没有和他们一起从土耳其飞往英国的空军基地，这使他们无意中成了这场骗局的参与者，并让他们与一些白宫工作人员一起，在不知情的情况下充当了诱饵。

After Mr. Trump arrived in Britain, he was secretly moved back to the older version of Air Force One. He then disembarked in view of reporters and walked across the tarmac to the plane donated by Qatar, which he flew to Washington.

特朗普抵达英国后，又被秘密转移回那架老款“空军一号”。随后，他在记者的注视下走下飞机，穿过停机坪，登上了卡塔尔赠送的飞机，乘其飞往华盛顿。

The elaborate plan appears to have been developed in a matter of hours after officials determined that a threat against Mr. Trump from Iran was credible. It came after years of threats against Mr. Trump from Iran and amid the war he launched against that country. And it was an unusual instance of the public being deceived about a president’s whereabouts.

这一精心策划的方案似乎是官员们认定伊朗对特朗普的威胁可信后，在短短数小时内制定的。它发生在伊朗对特朗普持续数年威胁之后，也在他对伊朗发动的战争期间。同时，这也是一个罕见的例子——公众在有关总统的行踪问题上被误导了。

Officials have not previously acknowledged that Mr. Trump was not where they claimed he was. The furtive operation was reported earlier by the Washington Post, which identified the plane that carried the president to Britain from Turkey as a C-32A, a military variant of a Boeing 757.

官员们此前并未承认特朗普其实并不在他们所声称的地方。这项秘密行动早前由《华盛顿邮报》报道，该报指出，将总统从土耳其送到英国的飞机是一架C-32A（即波音757的军用改进型）。

特朗普总统从卡塔尔赠送的、作为“空军一号”使用的专机上走下，他刚从土耳其举行的北约峰会返回华盛顿。

It is rare for presidents to travel without the reporters who comprise the press pool designated to be with them, or in their vicinity, without some general awareness of the commander in chief’s whereabouts.

总统出行时，身边没有那些被指定随行或在其附近的记者团成员，且外界对这位三军统帅的行踪缺乏了解，这种情况极其罕见。

President George W. Bush kept a slimmed-down press pool with him as he flew first to a military base and then back to Washington in the chaotic hours after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. And presidents — including Mr. Trump — have traveled to war zones with reporters alongside them.

2001年9月11日恐怖袭击发生后的混乱时间里，小布什总统先飞往一处军事基地，随后返回华盛顿，期间仍保留了一个精简的随行记者团。包括特朗普在内的历任总统前往战区时都有记者随行。

Donald Mihalek, a former Secret Service agent who worked in the protective details for Mr. Bush and President Barack Obama, said the Secret Service has used decoy motorcades and flights in the past to move presidents secretly.

曾在布什和奥巴马总统安保小组工作的特勤局前特工唐纳德·米哈莱克表示，特勤局过去曾使用过诱饵车队和航班来秘密转移总统。

“Anytime the president is in a theater where there’s potential combat danger, the Secret Service has employed protective counter measures including the use of a decoy,” Mr. Mihalek said.

“只要总统身处可能面临战斗危险的地区，特勤局就会采取保护性反制措施，包括使用诱饵，”米哈莱克说。

He added that the agency has long prioritized the security of the president over transparency with the public.

他还说，该机构长期以来一直将总统的安全置于对公众的透明度之上。

“The agency is not the agency of public affairs,” he said. “The agency is the agency of the Secret Service. Their number one job is to keep the president safe.”

“这个机构不是公共事务机构，”他说。“这个机构是特勤局。他们的首要任务是保障总统安全。”

In this case, the threat led the White House to purposely mislead reporters assigned to cover Mr. Trump, leaving journalists to report that he was traveling on board a plane that was being used as a decoy.

在这次事件中，这种威胁导致白宫刻意误导了被派去报道特朗普的随行记者，记者们报道特朗普所乘的飞机，实际上被用作了诱饵。

After The Times reported last month on the security shortcomings of the Qatari-donated jet amid the concerns about the threat from Iran, Steven Cheung, the White House communications director, seemed to hint that subterfuge might have been involved in Mr. Trump’s departure from Turkey.

《纽约时报》上月曾报道卡塔尔捐赠的专机在安全方面存在缺陷，且当时正值对伊朗威胁的担忧加剧，在此背景下，白宫通讯主任张振熙(Steven Cheung)似乎暗示，特朗普离开土耳其时可能使用了某些障眼法。

“As the president has said recently, there are many enemies of America who have their sights on him, and we use every tool at our disposal — including distraction and misdirection — to address those threats,” he said at the time.

“正如总统最近所说，有许多美国的敌人在盯着他，我们会利用我们可以支配的一切工具——包括转移注意力和误导——来应对这些威胁，”他当时说。

The threat from Iran was not specific to the Qatari-donated jet, people familiar with the sequence of events said. Instead, Mr. Trump was being targeted on whatever airplane he was traveling on, as The Times has previously reported.

熟悉事件经过的人士表示，来自伊朗的威胁并非专门针对卡塔尔捐赠的飞机。正如《纽约时报》此前所报道的那样，无论特朗普乘坐哪架飞机，他都可能成为袭击目标。

Mr. Trump was briefed on the threat while in Turkey, and a plan was soon put in place, with a small group of top government officials involved, including Gen. Dan Caine, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs, and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, the official with knowledge of the deception plan said.

据了解该掩饰计划的官员透露，特朗普在土耳其期间听取了有关威胁的简报，随后一项计划很快被制定出来，一小部分政府高官参与其中，包括参谋长联席会议主席丹·凯恩将军和国防部长皮特·海格塞斯。

The Defense Department and a spokesman for General Caine referred all questions to the White House on Monday. The White House reissued Mr. Cheung’s statement from the week of the NATO summit, only without the clause mentioning “distraction and misdirection.” The U.S. officials with knowledge of the deception plan spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive security issues.

国防部及凯恩将军的发言人周一将所有问题转交给白宫处理。白宫重新发布了张振熙在北约峰会那一周发表的声明，只是去掉了提到“转移注意力和误导”的内容。了解该掩饰计划的美国官员以匿名方式讨论这些敏感的安全问题。

When Mr. Trump arrived at the airport to leave Turkey, a camera that had been positioned beforehand captured him getting on the old Air Force One, and journalists traveling with him, rushing to board the plane through lower steps in the back, had only a glimpse of him. A pool report noted as the plane took off, “We have been advised to keep our window shades in the press cabin closed.”

当特朗普抵达机场准备离开土耳其时，一台事先布置好的摄像机拍下了他登上老款“空军一号”的画面。随行的记者们正匆忙从后方的下层舷梯登机，只瞥见了他的身影。一份记者团的简报在飞机起飞时写道：“在新闻舱，我们被要求将遮光板关闭。”

The older Air Force One landed at 10:16 p.m. at the Mildenhall military base in England, a pool report said, with Mr. Trump stepping off it 40 minutes later. Before that, unbeknown to reporters, Mr. Trump was brought by vehicle from the third plane that he had arrived on to the older Air Force One, boarded it through a different entrance and strode down the step from the upper left-side door as he would typically do, according to the U.S. official.

一份记者团简报称，老款“空军一号”于晚上 10:16 降落在英格兰的米尔登霍尔军事基地，特朗普在40分钟后走下飞机。据美国官员透露，此前在记者们不知情的情况下，特朗普乘车从他抵达时乘坐的第三架飞机秘密转移到老款“空军一号”上，通过另一个入口登机，然后像往常一样，大步从左上方舱门的舷梯走下。

He walked from there to the Qatari jet, as the small group of reporters who had traveled aboard the older jet watched. The president and the press pool then boarded the new plane to fly back to Washington.

随后，在乘坐老款飞机随行的一小群记者注视下，他从那里走向了卡塔尔赠送的飞机。随后，总统和随行记者团登上这架新飞机，飞回华盛顿。

会走路、会说话的机器人即将进入汽车工厂

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 03:06:03 +0000

JACK EWING

2026年8月12日

Will Crooks for The New York Times

At a BMW factory in South Carolina, a human-shaped robot with a screen for a face recently stepped from a charging station toward a stack of green plastic boxes. It grasped an auto part from one of the boxes, pivoted, placed the part in a trolley, then pulled the trolley across the floor.

在南卡罗来纳州的一家宝马工厂，一个有着屏幕脸的人形机器人最近从一个充电站走向一堆绿色塑料箱。它从一个箱子中抓取了一个汽车零件，转动身体，将零件放入手推车中，然后拉着推车穿过车间。

The robot’s slow, stiff movements suggested a worker with a bad hangover rather than a technological revolution.

机器人的动作缓慢而僵硬，看起来更像是一个宿醉未醒的工人，而不是一场技术革命。

“They’re still slower than humans,” Ulrich Wieland, a BMW vice president in charge of logistics at the factory, in Spartanburg, told reporters invited to see the robot in June. But, he added, “they’re advancing fast.”

“它们仍然比人类慢，”宝马位于斯帕坦堡工厂负责物流的副总裁乌尔里希·维兰德在6月邀请记者参观该机器人时表示。但他补充说，“它们进步很快。”

Automakers have used robots for decades, but they are usually powerful, one-armed machines that are fixed in place and perform repetitive tasks like welding body frames or applying adhesives to door panels.

汽车制造商使用机器人已经有几十年的历史，但它们通常是强大的单臂机器，固定在某个位置，执行重复性任务，比如焊接车身框架或在车门面板上涂抹粘合剂。

Now, most major automakers are betting that robots designed to resemble human beings, known as humanoids, will usher in a new wave of automation and efficiency. Equipped with artificial intelligence, they are expected to move around and do tasks now done by humans without any modifications to factories or heavy equipment.

现在，大多数主要汽车制造商都寄望于这种外形类似人类、被称为人形机器人的设计能带来新一轮自动化和效率提升。配备人工智能后，它们有望在无需对工厂或重型设备进行任何改造的情况下，四处移动并完成目前由人类完成的工作。

Unlike most of the robots now in use, humanoids would respond to voice commands and theoretically solve problems and react to unforeseen events. They would never take a lunch break, join a union or require health insurance.

与目前使用的大多数机器人不同，人形机器人将能够响应语音指令，并且理论上能够解决问题并应对突发事件。它们永远不会午休、加入工会或需要医疗保险。

To optimists, robots could rescue U.S. manufacturing by increasing productivity, solving shortages of skilled workers and giving Western carmakers a fighting chance at competing with Chinese rivals that enjoy lower costs. Boring but important jobs like sorting parts would be done by robots, freeing humans for more interesting and specialized work.

对于乐观者来说，机器人可以通过提高生产率、解决熟练工人短缺的问题来拯救美国制造业，让西方汽车制造商在与成本更低的中国竞争对手竞争时有一线生机。分拣零件这样枯燥但重要的工作将由机器人完成，从而将人类解放出来，从事更有趣、更专业的工作。

宝马工厂里的一台人形机器人。一个长期困扰机器人专家的问题是如何复制人手所具有的灵活性与触觉敏感度。 Will Crooks for The New York Times

But many experts who have studied the use of robots and other automation tools caution that there is also a gloomier scenario.

但许多研究过机器人和其他自动化工具应用的专家警告说，也存在一种较悲观的可能性。

“With any kind of automation, you generally reduce the amount of labor you need per widget that you make, and that’s generally a gain for society,” said Susan Helper, a professor of economics at Case Western Reserve University who testified on robotics before a congressional committee in April.

“任何形式的自动化通常都会减少生产每一个零件所需的劳动力，而这通常对全社会是有益的，”凯斯西储大学经济学教授苏珊·赫勒弗表示，她曾在4月就机器人技术向一个国会委员会作证。

“But,” she added, “how do you use that extra time that’s freed up? You can use it to just take away the interesting work and leave the human workers with the boring work. And have fewer workers that you pay less.”

“但是，”她补充道，“你如何利用这些节省出来的额外时间？你可以用它来直接剥夺有趣的工作，而把枯燥的工作留给人类工人。并且用更少的工人，付给他们更少的工资。”

And Chinese companies already have a head start after their government made robot technology a national priority. Robot makers in China can draw on a network of suppliers for actuators, a part that enables movement, and sensors that are hard to find in the United States.

而且，在中国政府将机器人技术列为国家优先发展事项之后，中国企业已经取得了先发优势。中国的机器人制造商可以利用一个供应商网络获取执行器（一种实现运动的部件）以及在美国很难找到的传感器。

“The cost of deploying a robot in China is just a fraction of what it is to deploy a robot in the U.S.,” said Ben Armstrong, the executive director of M.I.T.’s Industrial Performance Center. “They have this extremely dense ecosystem of toolmakers and equipment providers.”

“在中国部署机器人的成本只是在美国的一个零头，”麻省理工学院工业性能中心执行主任本·阿姆斯特朗说。“他们拥有极其密集的工装制造商和设备供应商生态系统。”

The Federal Communications Commission last month banned the import of humanoids and other advanced robots from China.

美国联邦通信委员会上个月禁止从中国进口人形机器人和其他先进机器人。

Automakers already use conventional robots more than other industries and are likely to be among the biggest users of humanoids.

汽车制造商对传统机器人的使用已经超过其他行业，并且很可能成为人形机器人的最大用户之一。

Hyundai Motor is one of the companies pursuing robotics most aggressively. At the company’s factory about half an hour from Savannah, Ga., autonomous carts have largely replaced forklifts for moving materials around the plant. Four-legged robots that look like dogs search for flaws by peering under car bodies. Flat, wheeled robots the size of queen beds slide under Ioniq 5 or Ioniq 9 electric vehicles as they come off the assembly line, lift them from below and transport them to testing stations.

现代汽车是最积极研发机器人的公司之一。在该公司位于佐治亚州萨凡纳以西约半小时车程的工厂里，自动搬运车已大量取代叉车在厂区内搬运材料。看起来像狗的四足机器人通过探视车底来查找缺陷。当Ioniq 5或Ioniq 9电动汽车下线时，车轮驱动的平板式机器人（大小与一张双人床相当）会滑到车底，从下方将其抬起，并运送到测试站。

In most car factories, workers drive the vehicles to testing. Being human, they occasionally drive into pillars and other objects. That’s not a problem with Hyundai’s transport robots, said Jerry Roach, a senior manager in charge of general assembly at the Georgia factory, which began producing cars in 2024.

在大多数汽车工厂里，工人会将车辆开到测试点。作为人类，他们偶尔会撞上柱子和其他物体。佐治亚州工厂负责总装的高级经理杰里·罗奇表示，现代汽车的运输机器人不存在这个问题。这家工厂自2024年起投产。

“We’ve never hit a pole,” he said.

“我们从未撞过柱子，”他说。

In 2021 Hyundai acquired Boston Dynamics, which is developing humanoid robots that the carmaker plans to use initially for arranging components in a specified order for humans to install in vehicles.

2021年，现代汽车收购了从事人形机器人研发的波士顿动力公司。这家汽车制造商计划首先用这些机器人按指定顺序排列零部件，供人工安装到车辆上。

That is the same basic task that the BMW robot, made by Figure AI, demonstrated in Spartanburg. Mercedes-Benz, which is testing robots made by Apptronik in Austin, Texas, also plans to use them for handling and sorting materials. Carmakers say they have trouble retaining workers to perform such basic tasks.

这与Figure AI公司为宝马制造的机器人在斯帕坦堡展示的基本任务相同。梅赛德斯-奔驰正在测试由Apptronik公司在得克萨斯州奥斯汀制造的机器人，也计划将其用于物料搬运和分拣。汽车制造商表示，他们很难留住工人来执行这类基础任务。

Brent Stubbs, chief administrative officer of the Hyundai factory, is adamant that robots will create better automotive jobs, especially for young people raised on video games. The company has established an apprenticeship program in robot maintenance that Mr. Stubbs said would lead to high-paying jobs.

现代汽车工厂首席行政官布伦特·斯塔布斯坚信，机器人将创造更好的汽车行业工作岗位，尤其是对在电子游戏中长大的年轻人而言。公司已经建立了一个机器人维护的学徒计划，斯塔布斯称这将带来高薪工作。

“That presents a unique opportunity now for more people to get involved in manufacturing, where a lot of the stereotypes of who it fits are totally out the door,” Mr. Stubbs said.

“这为更多人参与制造业提供了一个独特的机会，而许多关于制造业适合谁的老套观念已经完全过时了，”斯塔布斯说。

Labor representatives are extremely skeptical of such claims and fear that robots will simply replace humans. Hyundai workers in South Korea went on strike last month, demanding a voice in how the company uses robots.

工会代表对此类说法存在很大的怀疑，他们担心机器人只会取代人类。上个月，现代汽车在韩国的工人举行了罢工，要求在公司如何使用机器人方面拥有发言权。

Shawn Fain, the president of the United Automotive Workers union, has called humanoid robots and artificial intelligence a “profound threat” to workers and a tool that will make billionaires richer. “The human race has to master technology and not let it master us,” he told delegates to the union’s annual convention in June.

美国汽车工人联合会主席肖恩·费恩称人形机器人和人工智能是对工人的“严峻威胁”，是让亿万富翁更富有的工具。“人类必须掌握技术，而不是让技术掌握我们，”他在6月工会年度大会上对代表们说。

Companies are most successful when they develop the skills of their workers as they deploy new technology, Mr. Armstrong of M.I.T. said. Firms that combined worker training with automation achieved the greatest increases in productivity, according to his research.

麻省理工学院的阿姆斯特朗表示，企业在部署新技术的同时发展员工技能往往能取得最好的效果。根据他的研究，将员工培训与自动化相结合的公司，生产率提升幅度最大。

There are often simpler and less expensive ways to automate basic tasks like sorting parts than with humanoid robots, Mr. Armstrong added, saying, “Humanoids are a million-dollar solution to a one-hundred-dollar problem.”

阿姆斯特朗补充说，对于分拣零件等基本任务，通常有比人形机器人更简单、更便宜的自动化方式，他说：“人形机器人是百万美元解决100美元问题的方案。”

The most prominent robot enthusiast in the auto business is Elon Musk, the chief executive of Tesla. He has made humanoid robots a central part of the company’s strategy to remake itself as an artificial intelligence powerhouse. The company has developed a humanoid called Optimus that it plans to use in its factories and to sell to other businesses and consumers.

汽车行业中最著名的人形机器人爱好者是特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克。他已将人形机器人作为公司战略的核心部分，旨在将自身重塑为人工智能领域的一股强大力量。该公司开发了一款名为Optimus的人形机器人，计划在其工厂中使用，并出售给其他企业和消费者。

Optimus robots have been used at the Tesla Diner in Los Angeles and to serve drinks at company events. Mr. Musk has said they will someday be able to perform surgery and babysit children. This year Tesla stopped producing the Model S and Model X cars in a California factory to make room for Optimus production.

Optimus机器人已在洛杉矶的特斯拉餐厅使用，并在公司活动中提供饮品服务。马斯克曾表示，它们将来能够进行手术和照看孩子。今年，特斯拉停止在加利福尼亚一家工厂生产Model S和Model X汽车，为Optimus生产腾出空间。

“Optimus will be the biggest product ever,” Mr. Musk said during a conference call with investors and analysts last month. But he has also acknowledged challenges.

“Optimus将是有史以来最重大的产品，”马斯克在上个月与投资者和分析师的电话会议上表示。但他也承认存在挑战。

Among the most confounding is how to duplicate the dexterity and sensitivity of the human hand — a problem that has long stumped robotics experts. “The more you study the human hand, the more you realize how amazing hands are,” Mr. Musk said.

其中最难的问题是如何复制人类手部的灵活性和敏感性——这个问题长期以来一直困扰着机器人专家。“越研究人类的手，就越会意识到手有多么神奇，”马斯克说。

特斯拉研发出了一款名为Optimus的人形机器人，已在洛杉矶的特斯拉餐厅投入使用。

Not all automakers are on the humanoid robot bandwagon. General Motors is experimenting with what the company calls cobots, short for “collaborative robots,” which have arms and hands but no legs. They are more flexible than the robots typically found in factories, but decidedly not human shaped.

并非所有汽车制造商都加入了人形机器人的潮流。通用汽车正在试验其所谓的“协作机器人”，它们有手和臂，但没有腿。它们比工厂中常见的机器人更灵活，但绝对不是人形。

While hands are very useful in a car factory, “it’s not clear that legs are,” Sterling Anderson, chief product officer at G.M., told reporters last year, adding that wheels can be much more useful.

手在汽车工厂中非常有用，但“腿是否有用还不明确”，通用汽车首席产品官斯特林·安德森去年对记者表示，并补充说轮子可能要有用得多。

“We don’t need to replace the humans,” Mr. Anderson, a former Tesla executive, said. “What we need to do is make their job better, make it easier, make our products better and more efficient.”

“我们不需要取代人类，”曾任特斯拉高管的安德森说。“我们需要做的是让他们的工作更好、更轻松，让我们的产品更好、更高效。”

空调服、冷藏舱：东亚极端天气催生“防暑神器”新经济

Wed, 12 Aug 2026 00:36:03 +0000

MAX KIM

2026年8月12日

Associated Press; Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Stroll through Tokyo on a summer day and you’ll see hand-held fans everywhere. But the light-blue one that Eimi Nakayama was holding on a recent afternoon was a more high-tech variety. Outfitted with a small metal plate that runs on the same science behind semiconductors, it uses electrical currents to generate a chill.

夏日漫步在东京街头，手持风扇随处可见。不过，中山咏美（音）在近日一个下午拿着的那把浅蓝色风扇属于科技含量更高的款式。它配备了一块小金属板，采用与半导体相同的科学原理，用电流来产生凉意。

The sensation is “kind of like holding a cold drink against your neck,” said Ms. Nakayama, a 20-year-old university student. “Maybe because of the plate, the air flow feels a bit cooler, too.”

现年20岁的大学生中山表示，这种感觉“有点像拿着冰饮贴在脖子上”。“也许是因为这块金属板，吹出来的风感觉也更凉爽了一点。”

The product has lately been sweeping through cities in East Asia, where a deadly heat wave this month has led to canceled baseball games in South Korea and a new meteorological term in Japan: kokushobi, or “cruel heat day.”

这类产品最近席卷了东亚各大城市。本月一场致命的热浪导致韩国取消了棒球比赛，日本则出现了一个新的气象术语：“酷暑日”(kokushobi)。

East Asia’s summers are becoming hotter and longer, and such “personal cooling” has become a ubiquitous part of daily life. A market once dominated by inexpensive hand-held fans now includes a growing array of more sophisticated products, from air-conditioned apparel to cooling sprays that claim to lower your body temperature within seconds.

东亚的夏天正变得越来越热、越来越漫长，而这种“个人降温”已成为日常生活中无处不在的一部分。这个曾经由廉价手持风扇主导的市场如今涵盖了越来越多更为尖端的产品，从空调服装到声称能在几秒钟内降低体温的降温喷雾，应有尽有。

Sales of cooling products are soaring, and employers and governments increasingly see them as a necessity rather than a luxury.

降温产品的销量正在飙升，雇主和政府也日益将其视为必需品而非奢侈品。

As in Japan, the market for such products in South Korea has grown dramatically over the past two years, said Lee Joo-young, an expert in the relationship between clothing and thermal environments at Seoul National University. She said a major factor is that motors and batteries have become cheaper and more effective, making powerful new cooling products accessible.

首尔大学服装与热环境关系专家李周泳（音）表示，与日本一样，过去两年韩国此类产品的市场增长极其迅猛。她指出，一个主要因素是电机和电池变得更加便宜且高效，使得强力的新型降温产品得以普及。

In Japan, the birthplace of the fan-cooled jacket — invented by Hiroshi Ichigaya, a former Sony electrical engineer, in 2004 — the online market for “heat countermeasure” products has expanded more than sixfold since 2020, according to Rakuten, one of the country’s biggest e-commerce platforms. It now lists roughly 800,000 products in that category.

日本是空调服的发源地——该产品是2004年由前索尼电子工程师市谷弘司发明的。据日本最大的电商平台之一乐天的数据，自2020年以来，该平台上的“防暑对策”产品在线市场规模增长了五倍以上，目前列出的该品类产品约有80万件。

Mr. Ichigaya’s invention has since evolved considerably. One apparel company recently introduced a vest studded with the same metal plates now appearing on hand-held fans.

市谷的发明已经有了很大改变。最近，一家服装公司推出了一款背心，上面镶嵌着与新款手持风扇上相同的金属板。

But these gadgets are no longer just aimed at consumers looking for quick relief during their commutes. Increasingly, they are becoming part of how governments and employers are adapting to extreme heat.

但这些小装置不再仅仅针对那些希望在通勤途中寻求短暂清凉的消费者。它们正日益成为政府和雇主适应极端酷热方式的一部分。

Chinese delivery platform Meituan is piloting “air-con jackets” — another spin on Mr. Ichigaya’s invention — for its delivery workers in Chongqing, a city in the country’s southwest. In Hubei Province in central China, the state-owned power company has equipped some of its workers with waist-mounted mini fans.

中国外卖平台美团正在西南城市重庆进行外卖骑手空调服试点——这是市谷的发明的又一种变体。在中国中部的湖北省，国家电网公司为其部分工人配备了腰挂式微型风扇。

6月，人们在香港一家商店里选购便携风扇。

In Japan, the Ministry of the Environment and Tokyo’s metropolitan government have promoted parasols as an effective way to reduce heat stress, while some South Korean municipalities have been outfitting their street cleaners with neon cooling vests.

在日本，环境省和东京都政府大力推广遮阳伞，将其作为减轻热应力的有效途径；而在韩国，一些地方政府一直在为其环卫工人配备荧光色降温背心。

In South Korea, the need for such technologies is especially great on farms, said Kim In-soo, a researcher at the country’s National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. He recently designed his own cooling vest for greenhouse workers that is being piloted at 350 farms around the country.

韩国国立农业科学院研究员金仁秀（音）表示，在韩国，农场对此类技术的需求尤为迫切。他最近为温室大棚工人设计了一款自研的降温背心，目前正在全国350个农场进行试点。

“Greenhouses are one of the worst places to be during a heat wave,” he said. “It’s hot and humid and a lot of the work is time-sensitive harvesting that can’t be stopped at will.”

“在高温天气里，温室大棚是最糟糕的地方之一，”他说。“那里又热又湿，而且很多工作都是有时效性的采摘，无法随心所欲地停下来。”

The vest, which relies on a technology known as a “vortex tube,” is hooked up to a compressor that shoots cold, dry air into thin tubes, which then distribute it across the skin through tiny perforations running throughout the vest.

这款背心依赖于一种被称为“涡流管”的技术，它与一台压缩机相连，压缩机将干燥的冷空气吹入细管中，随后通过布满整个背心的微孔将冷气散布到皮肤上。

Seo Hye-young, the 35-year-old founder of a South Korean start-up that sells cooling neck bands online, has built a business around the growing appetite for cooling products, a trend she first noticed a few years ago.

徐惠英（音）现年35岁，是韩国一家在线销售降温颈圈的初创企业的创始人。她围绕着人们对降温产品日益增长的需求建立了一家企业，这是她在几年前首次察觉到的趋势。

At around $35 apiece, Ms. Seo’s product — a thick, squishy collar filled with coolant — is among the pricier options, but promises shorter freezing times and “explosive” cooling effects. She is on track to sell around 60,000 units this year.

她的产品——一种充填有冷却剂的厚实、柔软的项圈——单价约为35美元（约合236元人民币），属于较为昂贵的选择，但承诺降温更快，且有“爆发式”的降温效果。今年的销量有望达到约6万件。

“But it got so hot so quickly this year that we’re struggling to keep up with the sudden demand,” she said.

“但是今年天气热得太快了，我们正在努力跟上这突如其来的需求，”她说。

上周，东京一名送货员穿着带风扇的特制外套降温。

The race to beat the heat has spawned more unusual inventions. In Japan, one company has developed a human-sized refrigerated booth that offers quick relief at construction sites, universities and evacuation shelters for natural disasters. Across East Asia, manufacturers are serving up solar-powered fan hats, hands-free parasols and air-conditioned pet houses, among other specialized devices.

这场战胜酷暑的竞赛催生出了更多与众不同的发明。在日本，一家公司研发了一种人体大小的冷藏舱，为建筑工地、大学和自然灾害避难所提供快速清凉。而在东亚各地，制造商们正提供太阳能风扇帽、无需手持的遮阳伞和空调宠物屋等各种专业设备。

But Ms. Lee, the professor, said cooling gadgets should not be treated as a cure-all.

但李周泳表示，降温小装置不应被视为万灵药。

“When the temperature is above 33 degrees Celsius or so, fans just blow hot air onto your skin,” she said. And the cooling neck bands? They lose their chill too quickly to make a big difference, she added.

“当气温达到33摄氏度左右以上时，风扇吹向你皮肤的就只是热风，”她说。至于降温颈圈？凉意很快会消退，无法起到太大的作用。

For most people, she said, the low-tech options are often most effective: drinking cold beverages; keeping your feet — among the body’s most notorious heat-trappers — uncovered and cool; and shielding yourself from the sun with parasols, many of which now have black undersides that block UV rays.

她指出，对大多数人来说，低科技含量的选择往往最有效：饮用冰饮；保持双脚——人体中最恶名昭彰的集热部位之一——裸露和凉爽；以及用遮阳伞遮挡阳光，其中许多遮阳伞现在都配有可阻挡紫外线的黑色内衬。

Among the recent converts to parasols is Lee Se-jin, a 36-year-old consultant in Seoul. Though they were primarily seen as a feminine item just a few years ago, he said, in heat like this, such notions of gender have largely gone out the window.

现年36岁的首尔顾问李世镇（音）是最近开始使用遮阳伞的人之一。他说，虽然就在几年前遮阳伞还主要被视为女性用品，但在这样的酷暑下，这类关于性别的固有观念很大程度上早已烟消云散。

“These days it really doesn’t feel strange to use a parasol as a man,” Mr. Lee said. “It’s been the biggest difference-maker in terms of actual cooling benefits.”

“如今作为一个男人撑遮阳伞真的不觉得奇怪了，”他说。“这种降温手段的实际效果是最好的。”

向特朗普加密货币投入1亿美元的华人买家是谁？

Tue, 11 Aug 2026 06:06:02 +0000

RUSS BUETTNER

2026年8月11日

During the World Cup soccer final in New Jersey last month, Zach Witkoff, co-founder of President Trump’s cryptocurrency company, took in the action from a luxury suite. Joining him was a man who had made the president, and all the company’s co-founders, much richer.

上个月，在新泽西州举行的世界杯决赛上，特朗普总统的加密货币公司的联合创始人扎克·维特科夫在一个豪华包厢里观赛。一同观赛的还有一名男子，此人给总统及该公司的所有联合创始人带来了巨额财富。

Two years earlier, the man, Guren “Bobby” Zhou, was a failed hardwood flooring retailer in Britain who had come under investigation there for money laundering and presided over the collapse of a small crypto start-up.

两年前，这个名叫周谷仁（音，英文名鲍比）的男子还是英国一名生意失败的硬木地板零售商，并因涉嫌洗钱而在那里受到调查；他掌管过一家最终导播的小型加密货币初创公司。

Then seemingly out of nowhere, he became one of the biggest buyers of tokens from Mr. Trump’s company, World Liberty Financial, dropping a total of $100 million through a new firm called Aqua 1. He kept quiet about it for months, other than speaking briefly as “Mr. Bobby” from Aqua 1 during a little-noticed audio stream on X.

然后，他仿佛凭空冒出，摇身一变成为特朗普“世界自由金融”代币的最大买家之一，通过一家名为Aqua 1的新公司累计投入1亿美元。数月时间里，他始终保持低调，仅在一次几乎无人关注的X平台音频直播中，以Aqua 1的“鲍比先生”身份简短发言。

“We’re very proud to be a major player in the World Liberty, which is Trump’s family’s crypto venture,” he said.

“我们非常自豪能够成为“世界自由”的重要参与者，这是特朗普家族的加密企业，”他说。

Under World Liberty policy, as much as $75 million of that money was distributed to a company controlled by the president and his three sons. The money also benefited the family of Steve Witkoff, the Trump administration’s special peace envoy and the father of Zach Witkoff.

按照世界自由金融的规定，这笔资金中多达7500万美元被分配给了由总统及其三个儿子控制的一家公司。这笔钱也让史蒂夫·维特科夫的家族受益，他是特朗普政府的和平特使，也是扎克·维特科夫的父亲。

In any prior era, a windfall for the president of that size from a foreigner with no public signs of access to that level of wealth would have certainly gone against norms and might have spawned a congressional investigation.

在以往任何一个时代，一位并无公开证据显示拥有如此雄厚财力的外国人向美国总统奉上如此巨额的资金必然会被认为有违政治惯例，甚至可能招致国会调查。

Instead, the curious case of Mr. Zhou illustrates the ease with which buyers with unknown backgrounds and motivations can use the anonymity of cryptocurrency to shower Mr. Trump with money. The president’s recent financial disclosure form shows that he collected $1.4 billion from his crypto businesses last year, the majority of it from anonymous sources.

然而，周谷仁这个扑朔迷离的案例恰恰揭示出，来路不明、动机不清的买家利用加密货币的匿名性向特朗普大量输送金钱是多么轻而易举。总统最近公布的财务披露报告显示，他去年从旗下加密货币业务获得14亿美元收入，其中大部分来自匿名来源。

It is not clear how closely World Liberty scrutinized Mr. Zhou’s past, but the money laundering investigation in England was publicly available information, as were portions of Mr. Zhou’s troubled business history.

目前尚不清楚世界自由金融公司对周谷仁的背景查得有多深，但英国洗钱调查是公开可查的信息，周谷仁问题重重的商业履历也有部分内容可以公开查到。

A court record filed last November accuses Mr. Zhou of participating with five other people in a money laundering effort beginning in 2019. Mr. Zhou has not been charged. British officials said late last month that their investigation remained active.

去年11月提交的一份法院记录指控周谷仁从2019年开始与另外五人参与洗钱活动。不过，他目前尚未被起诉。英国官员上月底表示，调查仍在进行中。

His transaction with World Liberty raises questions as to how he was able to access so much money, and how fully the company followed anti-money laundering laws. Such laws require businesses, in certain situations, to document the source of their customers’ funds before accepting the money.

他与世界自由金融的这笔交易引发了一系列疑问：他是如何获得如此巨额资金的？世界自由金融是否切实遵守了反洗钱法律？根据相关法律，在某些情况下，企业在接受客户资金之前必须记录这些资金的来源。

Patrick Prinz, the chief operating officer of Recoveris, a Switzerland-based firm that investigates digital asset crimes, said a combination of the red flags described to him by The New York Times should have triggered the documentation requirement: Mr. Zhou’s business failures, his sudden access to wealth, the size of the transaction and the investigation.

总部位于瑞士、专门调查数字资产犯罪的Recoveris公司首席运营官帕特里克·普林茨表示，《纽约时报》向他描述的多重危险信号——周谷仁的商业失败经历、突然获得巨额财富、交易规模之大以及他正在接受调查这一事实——本应触发上述记录要求。

David Wachsman, a spokesman for World Liberty, said in a statement that the company had followed all applicable laws and regulations. “World Liberty maintains a compliance program that meets or exceeds industry standards,” he said.

世界自由金融公司的发言人戴维·瓦克斯曼在一份声明中表示，公司已遵守所有适用法律法规。“世界自由金融建立了一套符合或超越行业标准的合规体系，”他说。

周谷仁成立了一家公司，向特朗普总统的主要加密货币业务“世界自由金融”支付了1亿美元。

Mr. Wachsman declined to say whether the company was aware of the source of the funds used in the purchase. He said the company disputed The Times’s “characterization of Mr. Zhou,” but did not cite any specifics.

瓦克斯曼拒绝透露该公司是否知晓这笔购币资金的来源。他表示，公司不同意《纽约时报》对“周先生的描述”，但未作具体说明。

A White House spokeswoman, Anna Kelly, said Mr. Trump had no conflicts of interest and “only acts in the best interests of the American public.”

白宫发言人安娜·凯利表示，特朗普不存在任何利益冲突，且“只以美国公众的最大利益行事”。

Mr. Zhou did not respond to numerous messages to him and his company. Reuters first identified Mr. Zhou as the person behind Aqua 1.

周谷仁本人及其公司均未回应《纽约时报》的多次联系。路透社此前率先披露了他就是Aqua 1背后掌舵人的身份。

Even now the source of the money that Mr. Zhou paid to World Liberty remains a mystery.

时至今日，周谷仁支付给世界自由金融的这笔资金的真实来源仍是一个谜。

But a deep examination of his career by The Times — through dozens of interviews with former associates, reviews of confidential documents and an analysis of court records and other publicly available information — shows a curious arc. A man who seemed to be constantly asking for money from others had a significant change in fortune just after his crypto company burned through $7.6 million and he decamped from London to the United Arab Emirates in the summer of 2024.

但通过对前同事的数十次采访、对机密文件的审查以及对法院记录和其他公开信息的分析，《纽约时报》对周谷仁职业生涯的深入调查展现了一个离奇的轨迹。就在他的加密公司烧掉760万美元、他于2024年夏天离开伦敦移居阿联酋之后，这个曾经似乎一直在向别人借钱的人财运发生了戏剧性的转变。

Many former associates would speak only on the condition of anonymity because they feared being pulled into the investigation in England or worried about the risk of violating libel laws in the Emirates that make defamation a potential crime, even if true.

许多前合作伙伴只愿在匿名条件下接受采访，因为不想卷入英国的调查，或顾虑阿联酋将诽谤罪入刑的法律——即便言论属实，也可能构成刑事犯罪。

They describe Mr. Zhou as a high-octane charmer with a British accent, persuasive enough to sell ice in a snowstorm, as one said. But all were stunned to learn that after his departure from London, he was able to purchase $100 million in anything.

他们将周谷仁描述为一个口才出众、魅力四射的人，带着一口英国口音，如其中一人所言，“厉害到能在暴风雪里卖冰块”。但当得知他离开伦敦后居然有本事斥资1亿美元做生意，所有人都目瞪口呆。

Several business professionals told The Times that they had refused to get involved with Mr. Zhou after researching his background. World Liberty, on the other hand, welcomed his company with open arms.

几名商业界人士告诉《纽约时报》，他们在调查过他的背景后，拒绝与其合作。相比之下，世界自由金融却敞开双臂欢迎他的公司。

“We’re excited to work hand-in-hand with the team at Aqua 1,” said Zak Folkman, a co-founder of World Liberty Financial, in a statement on X.

“我们很高兴能与Aqua 1团队携手合作，”世界自由金融的联合创始人扎克·福克曼在X平台发文表示。

‘Overly Ambitious’

“过于雄心勃勃”

For most of his adult life, Mr. Zhou worked far from technology and high finance.

在成年后的大部分时间里，周谷仁的工作与科技和高端金融都相去甚远。

Raised in Shanghai, he moved to England in 2005 to attend graduate school. While living in student housing at the University of Lancashire, he launched a business to distribute hardwood flooring that his father milled back home.

他在上海长大，2005年赴英攻读研究生。在兰开夏大学的学生宿舍里，他创办了一家企业，负责销售父亲在国内工厂生产的实木地板。

He eventually took over a flooring factory in Italy, a small website and a chain of 20 retail stores. A photograph in a local newspaper of one store showed a small, corrugated steel structure with bright green signs declaring “YOU SAVE MORE.”

后来，他接手了一家位于意大利的地板工厂、一家小网站以及一个拥有20家门店的零售连锁企业。一家当地报纸曾刊登过其中一家门店的照片：那是一座小型波纹钢结构建筑，外面挂着醒目的绿色招牌，上面写着“让你省更多”几个字。

2016年，威尔士卡迪夫的一家Flooring Republic零售店。

In 2017, he heard that economic development officials from Wales would be visiting Shanghai on a trade mission and arranged a meeting. Mr. Zhou, then 32, told the group that he planned to open a flooring store within 25 miles of every Welsh resident.

2017年，周谷仁听说威尔士的经济发展官员将访问上海进行贸易考察，于是安排了一次会面。当时32岁的周谷仁告诉代表团，他计划让每位威尔士居民不出40公里就能找到一家他的地板店。

“That struck me as perhaps overly ambitious and not really reflecting the way that Welsh life really works, in that we are quite a rural country,” said Ken Skates, then the minister of economic development for Wales.

“这在我看来或许是过于雄心勃勃了，也没有真正反映威尔士人的生活方式——我们毕竟是一个相当农村的地方，”时任威尔士经济发展部长的肯·斯凯茨说。

Mr. Zhou’s plan would not come about. A year after the meeting, he placed his companies in administration, the British equivalent of bankruptcy restructuring. He sold the stores during that process at no gain, without repaying the $5 million that his books showed he owed his father’s company, according to court records.

周谷仁的计划未能实现。那次会面一年后，他让旗下公司进入破产管理程序。根据法院记录，他在此过程中出售了门店，但未获得任何收益，也未偿还账面上显示他欠父亲公司的500万美元。

威尔士政府提供的一张照片显示，周谷仁于2017年在上海与包括经济发展部长肯·斯凯茨在内的威尔士官员会面。

An associate recalled Mr. Zhou saying, before his company collapsed, that he would be receiving $10 million from a Chinese company. The money did not arrive, and the associate came to doubt the commitment was ever real.

一名商业伙伴回忆说，在公司倒闭前，周谷仁曾说自己将从一家中国公司那里获得1000万美元。但这笔钱始终没有到账，这名商业伙伴后来开始怀疑，这个承诺从一开始就可能根本不是真的。

But Mr. Zhou’s partner in the Italian factory, an American named Thomas Corey Lewis, still believes Mr. Zhou had important connections in China and extraordinary powers of persuasion.

不过，周谷仁在意大利工厂的合伙人、美国人托马斯·科里·刘易斯，至今仍相信他在中国拥有重要的人脉，以及非凡的说服能力。

“He had the intellectual capacity to sit down and convince a board of smart people to fund him,” Mr. Lewis said recently.

“他有足够的聪明才智，能够坐下来说服一群聪明的董事会成员资助他，”刘易斯最近表示。

About that time, Mr. Zhou lived in a modest 1,200-square-foot flat in Southampton, roughly a two-hour drive from London, records show. His wife and their young daughter had joined him from Shanghai. He played table tennis in a recreational league.

记录显示，大约在那段时间，周谷仁住在南安普敦一套约110平方米的普通公寓里，距伦敦大约两小时车程。他的妻子和年幼的女儿从上海前来与他团聚。他参加了一个业余乒乓球联赛。

周谷仁在英国南安普敦安顿下来后，于2019年参加了一场乒乓球比赛。

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Mr. Zhou imported masks and tests from China, generating some income.

在新冠疫情期间，周谷仁从中国进口口罩和检测试剂盒，获得了一些收入。

In 2020, he told one local newspaper that he was a partner in a boutique investment firm and a managing director of a financial institution called Valens Bank.

2020年，他告诉当地一家报纸，他是一家精品投资公司的合伙人，也是一家名为瓦伦斯银行的金融机构的董事总经理。

Records show that the investment firm had one unidentified employee, with assets of less than $1 million, and went dormant two years later. Valens, a small institution based in Frankfurt, told The Times in an emailed statement that Mr. Zhou never held a position with the company but had been a minority shareholder.

记录显示，这家投资公司仅有一名身份不明的员工，资产不足100万美元，并在两年后停止运营。瓦伦斯银行是一家总部位于法兰克福的小型机构，它在给《纽约时报》的电子邮件声明中表示，周谷仁从未在该公司任职，但曾是少数股东。

Mr. Zhou also launched a family office, a form of lightly regulated firm that handles investments, and in some cases personal affairs, of wealthy families. The office drew just one client, a recent immigrant from Singapore named Ander Tsui. Mr. Zhou told associates that Mr. Tsui had made significant money as an early crypto investor.

周谷仁还成立了一个家族办公室——一种监管较为宽松的投资管理公司，负责处理富裕家庭的投资事务，有时也处理个人事务。该办公室只吸引了一位客户——一位名叫安德·徐（音）的新加坡新移民。周谷仁曾向前同事称，安德·徐作为早期加密货币投资者赚取了可观收益。

Mr. Tsui, who did not communicate in English, relied on Mr. Zhou to help him navigate life in London, former associates said.

前合伙人表示，不会说英语的安德·徐依靠周谷仁的帮助来适应伦敦生活。

The two began working together on a company they called Caduceus, with the goal of seizing on the latest craze in crypto.

两人开始合作经营一家名为卡杜塞斯的公司，目标是抓住加密货币的最新热潮。

‘Absolutely Unreal’

“简直难以置信”

At a posh London nightclub in late 2021, Mr. Zhou danced in front of his investors and employees, waving a sign that read “Caduceus Xmas Party.” Servers chanted at him as they thrust champagne bottles strapped with sparklers above their heads.

2021年底，在伦敦一家高档夜总会，周谷仁在投资者和员工面前起舞，挥舞着写有“卡杜塞斯圣诞派对”的标语牌。服务员将绑着烟花棒的香槟瓶举过头顶，向他欢呼。

That came after dinner at a high-end Chinese restaurant and lunch at a private social club.

此前，他们在一家高档中餐馆用了晚餐，并在一家私人社交俱乐部用了午餐。

“Absolutely unreal,” one attendee wrote on Facebook with videos from the day.

“简直难以置信，”一位与会者在Facebook上发布了当天的视频并写道。

The splashy affair, and others like it, were part of Mr. Zhou’s marketing efforts to sell digital tokens to fund the Caduceus product: a tool for creating virtual “metaverses” where humans interact as avatars.

这场盛大的活动以及其他类似活动是周谷仁营销策略的一部分，目的是销售数字代币，为卡杜塞斯的产品筹集资金：卡杜塞斯是一个创建虚拟“元宇宙”的工具，人类可以在其中以虚拟化身进行互动。

To lure investors, Mr. Zhou issued a string of announcements claiming the support of well-financed companies.

为了吸引投资者，周谷仁发布了一系列公告，声称获得了资金雄厚公司的支持。

In February 2022, he took a group to the BRIT Awards, Britain’s biggest ceremony for popular music. Caduceus cosponsored an after-party on the Dixie Queen, a replica of a 19th-century paddle steamer that cruises the Thames. Mr. Zhou invited acquaintances, including an executive of China Merchant Securities (UK), the London subsidiary of a state-owned financial services firm in China.

2022年2月，他带领一行人参加了英国最大的流行音乐颁奖典礼——全英音乐奖。卡杜塞斯联合赞助了在“南方女王号”上举行的庆功派对，这是一艘巡游泰晤士河的19世纪桨轮蒸汽船复制品。周谷仁邀请了熟人，包括中国招商证券（英国）公司的一位高管，该公司是中国一家国有金融服务公司在伦敦的子公司。

周谷仁（左起第三位）与来自新加坡的加密货币投资者安德·徐（最右）一同出席了2022年英国音乐奖的庆功派对，该活动由他们共同创立的公司卡杜塞斯赞助。

The following morning, Mr. Zhou issued a news release announcing that China Merchant Securities (UK) would form a $1 billion venture fund for projects based on Caduceus technology.

第二天早上，周谷仁发布了一份新闻稿，宣布中国招商证券（英国）将成立一个10亿美元的风险投资基金，用于投资基于卡杜塞斯技术的项目。

China Merchant Securities (UK) demanded that Mr. Zhou’s companies stop using its name, according to an email reviewed by The Times. But Mr. Zhou persisted.

根据《纽约时报》查阅的一封电子邮件，中国招商证券（英国）要求周谷仁的公司停止使用其名称。但周谷仁并未理会。

Michael Butler, head of compliance for China Merchants Securities (UK), told The Times in an email that the company was not involved in any such fund or in Caduceus. “The use of the firm’s name, and the listing of an individual as connected to the project, were unauthorized and materially false,” he wrote.

中国招商证券（英国）合规负责人迈克尔·巴特勒在给《纽约时报》的电子邮件中表示，该公司未参与任何此类基金或卡杜塞斯项目。“使用公司名称以及将个人列为项目关联方，均属未经授权且存在重大虚假陈述，”他写道。

On April 1, 2022, Mr. Zhou’s Caduceus announced another major supporter: the Bin Zayed Group, which was founded by Sheikh Khaled Zayed Saquer Zayed Al Nahyan, a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family. The announcement called the Bin Zayed Group a “lead investor” in a $4 million round of funding.

2022年4月1日，周谷仁的卡杜塞斯宣布了另一位重要支持者：本·扎耶德集团，该集团由阿布扎比王室成员谢赫·哈立德·扎耶德·萨克尔·扎耶德·阿勒纳哈扬创立。公告称宾·扎耶德集团是400万美元融资轮的“领投方”。

Caduceus marketing materials from that spring obtained by The Times listed Midhat Kidwai, a top executive with the Bin Zayed Group, as a member of Caduceus’s three-person advisory board.

《纽约时报》获得的卡杜塞斯当年春季营销材料将宾·扎耶德集团的高管米德哈特·基德瓦伊列为卡杜塞斯三人顾问委员会成员。

During a meeting with his small staff, Mr. Zhou told them to point out the involvement of the Bin Zayed Group to make investors “feel comfortable,” according to material reviewed by The Times.

根据《纽约时报》查阅的材料，在与少数几名员工开会时，周谷仁告诉他们，要强调本·扎耶德集团的参与，让投资者“感到安心”。

“Bin Zayed is definitely not stupid, right?” he said, in explaining why his staff members should mention the affiliation, according to the material.

“本·扎耶德肯定不傻，对吧？”根据材料，他在解释员工为何应提及该关联时说。

Mr. Kidwai told The Times that he had met Mr. Zhou socially in London, but had never entered into any business with him or with Caduceus.

基德瓦伊告诉《纽约时报》，他在伦敦的社交场合认识了周谷仁，但从未与他或卡杜塞斯有过任何商业往来。

“It appears Mr. Zhou’s representations to investors regarding our involvement were unauthorized and materially false,” a statement from the Bin Zayed Group said.

“据目前了解，周先生向投资者做出的关于我们参与情况的陈述未经授权，且内容严重失实，”本·扎耶德集团在声明中表示。

Mr. Zhou also announced that a British pop star would perform a virtual concert using Caduceus technology, that a cricket legend had signed with the company to release digital tokens and that a rugby Hall of Famer had joined his board.

周谷仁还宣布，一位英国流行歌星将使用卡杜塞斯技术举办一场虚拟演唱会，一位板球传奇人物已与公司签约发行数字代币，一位橄榄球名人堂成员已加入其董事会。

None of it came to fruition.

这些计划无一实现。

A spokeswoman for the rugby star, Lawrence Dallaglio, told The Times that her client did not associate with Mr. Zhou “after completing thorough due diligence.”

橄榄球明星劳伦斯·达拉利奥的发言人告诉《纽约时报》，她的客户“在完成全面尽职调查后”未与周谷仁建立关联。

The Caduceus token hit the market in June 2022. The price hit its all-time high of $2.24 on July 31, 2022. It plummeted to 22 cents three weeks later and continued a downward slide. It was effectively worthless by 2024.

卡杜塞斯代币于2022年6月上市。价格在2022年7月31日达到2.24美元的历史高点。三周后暴跌至22美分，并继续下滑。到2024年，它实际上已一文不值。

Investors would not get their money back. Instead of a salary, the company’s few employees had worked for options on Caduceus tokens that they would never be able to exercise. Some insiders — including Tim Bullman, the head of management — said they also had bought tokens and so lost additional money.

投资者未能收回资金。公司为数不多的员工没有领薪水，而是以卡杜塞斯代币期权作为报酬，但他们永远无法行使这些期权。一些内部人士——包括管理层负责人蒂姆·布尔曼——表示他们也购买了代币，因此损失了更多资金。

In January of this year, token holders were sent an email, which The Times obtained, saying that the $4 million from the initial funding round, plus $3.6 million from Mr. Tsui, were gone and the project was effectively dead.

今年1月，代币持有者收到一封电子邮件（《纽约时报》已获取），称首轮融资中的400万美元加上安德·徐的360万美元已经耗尽，该项目实际上已死亡。

Sara Enzen, whom Mr. Zhou hired to run a company called LightCycle in the Caduceus universe, said however much was spent, it did not go to creating a viable business.

周谷仁聘来经营卡杜塞斯旗下LightCycle公司的萨拉·恩岑表示，无论花了多少钱，一个可持续的企业并没有能创建起来。

“We had nothing to show for that money, apart from Bobby’s lifestyle,” she said.

“除了鲍比的生活方式，我们拿不出什么东西能证明这些钱花得其所，”她说。

A Sudden Fortune

突如其来的财富

In February 2024, an otherwise unremarkable judgment in an immigration case was posted to a court website in London.

2024年2月，伦敦一家法院网站上公布了一项原本不起眼的移民案件判决。

It said that the visa of a man named Guren Zhou had expired in 2018, and that his request to remain in the country had been denied for cause: He was among several people arrested in March 2021 on suspicion of money laundering. The court decision said prosecutors had not yet decided whether to charge him.

判决称，一位名叫周谷仁的男子的签证已于2018年到期，他的留英请求因故被拒绝：他是2021年3月因涉嫌洗钱而被捕的几人之一。法院判决称，检方尚未决定是否起诉他。

Not long after, Mr. Zhou packed up his wife and daughter, moved to Abu Dhabi, and started a new web of companies.

不久之后，周谷仁携妻女移居阿布扎比，并开始建立一个新的公司网络。

He created a business called Royal Privilege Group, with a mailing address at a shared office space, offering investment services and “bespoke experiences, enhancing well-being through elegance, indulgence and memorable moments,” according to its website.

他创办了一家名为Royal Privilege Group的企业，邮寄地址设在一个共享办公空间，根据其网站介绍，该公司提供投资服务和“定制体验，通过优雅、奢华和难忘的时刻提升福祉”。

The site showed some familiar faces from his London operation, but one new name hinted at access to sovereign wealth. Abubaker Al Khoori, the chief executive of the Abu Dhabi Capital Group, the family investment office of the brother of the Emirati president, was listed as a member of Mr. Zhou’s advisory board.

网站上展示了一些他的伦敦企业的熟悉面孔，但一个新的名字暗示了与主权财富的联系。阿布扎比资本集团——阿联酋总统的兄弟的家族投资办公室——的首席执行官阿布巴克·阿尔·库里被列为顾问委员会成员。

In response to questions from The Times, Mr. Al Khoori said he had been invited to join the board by a mutual acquaintance, but Royal Privilege Group did not exist long enough to accomplish anything. He added that neither he nor Abu Dhabi Capital Group had provided any funds to R.P.G.

在回答《纽约时报》的提问时，阿尔·库里表示，他是通过一位共同熟人获邀加入董事会的，但Royal Privilege Group存在时间太短，没能做成任何事。他补充说，他和阿布扎比资本集团均未向RPG提供任何资金。

About the same time, a company that Mr. Zhou led in the Emirates took on greater significance: Web3Port, a venture fund for crypto start-ups that claimed to be partly funded by Royal Privilege Group.

大约在同一时间，周谷仁在阿联酋领导的一家公司变得更重要了：Web3Port，一家加密货币初创公司的风险投资基金，声称部分资金来自Royal Privilege Group。

Web3Port’s first major announcement was a whopper. Days after Mr. Trump’s inauguration in January 2025, the company posted on X that it had made a $10 million investment in World Liberty and was planning more.

Web3Port的第一项重大公告就令人震惊。2025年1月特朗普总统就职几天后，该公司在X上发帖称，已向世界自由金融公司投资1000万美元，并计划进一步投资。

“Both sides are committed to building a ‘long-term partnership’ and exploring opportunities in investment, ecosystem development, and more,” the post said. “We’d also like to thank @realDonaldTrump for his crypto support!”

“双方致力于建立‘长期合作伙伴关系’，并在投资、生态系统发展等方面探索机遇，”帖子写道。“我们还要感谢 @realDonaldTrump 对加密货币的支持！”

But Web3Port had a problem lurking in the background.

但Web3Port背后潜伏着一个问题。

The company had been the market maker, which involves setting buy and sell prices, for the token offering of another crypto company, and its role had erupted into a scandal in the industry press. By that spring, federal prosecutors in Northern California had opened an investigation into the token offering, according to court records in a civil case filed in Delaware.

该公司曾担任另一家加密货币公司代币发行的做市商，参与设定买卖价格，而其扮演的角色已在行业媒体中成为一桩丑闻。到那年春天，根据在特拉华州提起的一起民事诉讼中的法院记录，北加州联邦检察官已开始对此次代币发行展开调查。

Whether it was related or not, a Web3Port entity filed for a name change in the British Virgin Islands. The new name would be Aqua 1 GP Limited.

无论是否相关，Web3Port的一个实体在英属维尔京群岛申请了名称变更。新名称将是Aqua 1 GP Limited。

Two weeks later, Aqua 1, an entity with no public history, announced it would buy $100 million worth of World Liberty tokens. There was no mention of Mr. Zhou or Web3Port.

两周后，一个没有公开历史的实体Aqua 1宣布将购买价值1亿美元的World Liberty代币。公告中未提及周或Web3Port。

“Aligning with Aqua 1 validates our blueprint for global financial innovation,” Mr. Folkman, the co-founder of World Liberty, was quoted as saying in the announcement.

“与Aqua 1的合作验证了我们全球金融创新的蓝图，”公告引述世界自由金融联合创始人福克曼的话说。

Arkham Intelligence, a blockchain analytics firm, eventually determined that a wallet controlled by Web3Port had purchased $20 million worth of World Liberty tokens in January and a second wallet likely controlled by Aqua 1 had purchased $80 million in June. Arkham, which added the analysis to its website, did not respond to requests for an explanation as to how it had drawn the connection.

区块链分析公司Arkham Intelligence最终确定，Web3Port控制的一个钱包在1月购买了价值2000万美元的世界自由金融代币，而可能由Aqua 1控制的第二个钱包在6月份购买了8000万美元。Arkham在其网站上添加了这一分析，但未回应关于如何得出这一关联的说明请求。

There is some outside evidence to support Arkham’s analysis. One of the wallets it identified as controlled by Web3Port had appeared in an email from Web3Port that was obtained by CoinDesk, a crypto news site. Whoever created the wallet that Arkham linked to Aqua 1 attached the label “aqua1” to it.

有一些外部证据支持Arkham的分析。加密货币新闻网站CoinDesk获取了一封Web3Port的电子邮件，其中出现了被Arkham确认为由Web3Port控制的那个钱包。至于被Arkham关联到Aqua 1的那个钱包，创建者添加的标签就是“aqua1”。

Beyond the issues raised by Mr. Zhou’s history, the involvement of the Trump family would typically trigger “the highest level of regulatory scrutiny available in the financial system,” said Mr. Prinz, of Recoveris. That is because international anti-money laundering laws classify the Trumps as “politically exposed persons” with a heightened vulnerability to influence peddling, he said.

Recoveris的普林茨表示，除了周谷仁过往历史引发的问题外，特朗普家族的参与通常会触发“金融体系中最高级别的监管审查”。他说这是因为国际反洗钱法律将特朗普家族归类为“政治公众人物”，这类人物更容易成为影响力兜售的目标。

‘Demonstrable Credibility’

“毋庸置疑的信誉”

Last September, about 90 days after the World Liberty announcement, two of Mr. Zhou’s longtime employees, including a woman who had handled paying his companies’ bills for a decade, were charged in the money laundering case in London. Another defendant, speaking to a Times reporter in a courthouse hall after a hearing last month, said he had worked with Mr. Zhou during the pandemic selling masks and Covid tests.

去年9月，即世界自由金融公告发布约90天后，周谷仁的两名长期员工在伦敦的洗钱案中被起诉，其中一名女性十年来负责支付公司账单的女性。另一名被告在上月听证会后在法院大堂对《纽约时报》记者表示，他曾在疫情期间与周谷仁合作销售口罩和新冠检测试剂盒。

Mr. Zhou, who had already left Britain, is the only one out of six people identified in the indictment who has not been charged. One defendant has pleaded guilty, according to court officials. Further details of the allegations have not been released. It is not clear whether prosecutors will seek Mr. Zhou’s extradition. A trial for the charged defendants is scheduled for 2028.

已经离开英国的周谷仁是起诉书中明确身份的六人中唯一未被起诉的。法院官员称，一名被告已认罪。指控的进一步细节尚未公布。目前尚不清楚检方是否会寻求引渡周谷仁。被起诉被告的审判定于2028年进行。

Mr. Zhou, meanwhile, issued more announcements, using his connections to the Trumps as a marketing point.

与此同时，周谷仁利用他与特朗普家族的关系作为营销亮点，发布了更多公告。

In September, Aqua 1 announced it had invested $20 million in a Canadian food ingredients company that was merging with a U.A.E.-based cryptocurrency company. The crypto company claims access to $1.3 billion in “sovereign wealth assets.” The announcement said Aqua 1 had “demonstrable credibility” as the largest investor in World Liberty.

9月，Aqua 1宣布已向一家加拿大食品配料公司投资2000万美元，该公司正与一家总部位于阿联酋的加密货币公司合并。这家加密货币公司声称拥有13亿美元的“主权财富资产”。公告称，Aqua 1作为世界自由金融公司的最大投资者，拥有“毋庸置疑的信誉”。

It is not clear that investment happened, as the merger stalled.

目前尚不清楚该投资是否真的发生了，因为合并没能进行下去。

In October, Mr. Zhou appeared as the chief executive of Aqua Labs, a new umbrella name for his companies, to give the opening speech at a crypto conference in Dubai.

10月，周谷仁以Aqua Labs（其公司的新总称）首席执行官的身份在迪拜的一次加密货币会议上发表开幕演讲。

He presented yet another new entity as a tool for trading World Liberty’s stablecoin, which is called USD1. A large image on the stage showed Mr. Trump and his three sons under the words, “The Power behind USD1” and noted that World Liberty “has both political and compliance support. USD1 is backed by the Trump family foundation WLFI.”

他推出了又一个新实体，作为交易世界自由金融稳定币USD1的工具。舞台上的一幅大型图像展示了特朗普和他的三个儿子，上方写着“USD1背后的力量”，并注明世界自由金融公司“拥有政治和合规双重支持。USD1由特朗普家族基金会WLFI支持”。

And in February, Mr. Zhou’s companies issued a news release announcing that Wesley K. Clark, a retired American general and former NATO supreme allied commander, would appear at an event in Abu Dhabi with Aqua Labs. The announcement called Mr. Zhou’s company “one of the largest strategic investors in the space, including a $100M investment in the governance tokens of Trump-backed World Liberty Financial.”

今年2月，周谷仁的公司发布了一份新闻稿，宣布美国退役将领、前北约盟军最高司令韦斯利·克拉克将出席Aqua Labs在阿布扎比的一场活动。公告称周谷仁的公司是“该领域最大的战略投资者之一，包括在特朗普支持的世界自由金融治理代币中投资了1亿美元。”

Mr. Zhou spoke at the event. General Clark said he did not.

周谷仁在活动中发表了讲话。克拉克没有。

周谷仁2月在阿布扎比出席了一场由Aqua Labs主办的会议并发表讲话，Aqua Labs是他旗下各公司的新统称。

General Clark said in an interview with The Times that his office had been approached about becoming involved in Mr. Zhou’s company, but that he had declined after his team learned of the money laundering investigation.

克拉克在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示，曾有人联系他的办公室讨论参与周谷仁公司的事宜，但在他的团队得知洗钱调查后，他拒绝了。

“We did a background search on him,” General Clark said, adding that his team then told Mr. Zhou’s representatives, “We’re not going to speak with you.”

“我们对他进行了背景调查，”克拉克说，并补充说他的团队随后告诉周谷仁的代表：“我们不打算与你们交谈。”

Meta发布开放权重AI模型Muse Glimmer

Tue, 11 Aug 2026 03:06:02 +0000

ELI TAN, MIKE ISAAC

2026年8月11日

Jason Henry for The New York Times

Last month, Mark Zuckerberg, Meta’s chief executive, boldly came out in support of “open source” artificial intelligence models that are publicly available to download and modify without payment or approval. The way forward, he said, was through “openness and putting the power of tech into more people’s hands, not fewer.”

上月，Meta首席执行官马克·扎克伯格高调表态支持“开源”人工智能模型，即允许公众在无需付费或获得许可的情况下下载和修改的人工智能模型。他表示，未来的发展方向应该是“开放性，让技术力量掌握在更多人而非少数人手中”。

On Monday, Mr. Zuckerberg doubled down on that support.

周一，扎克伯格进一步重申了这一立场。

Meta released an open version of its most powerful A.I. model, Muse Spark. Called Muse Glimmer, it is nearly identical to Muse Spark and can generate code, text and images. Muse Spark, which debuted in July as a “closed” A.I. model that people pay to access, will remain closed.

Meta发布了其最强大人工智能模型Muse Spark的开放版本，名为Muse Glimmer。它与Muse Spark几乎完全相同，可以生成代码、文本和图像。而于今年7月推出的Muse Spark是一种“闭源”人工智能模型，用户需要付费才能使用，它仍将维持现状。

Muse Glimmer is an “open weights” model, which means its weights, or the underlying calculations that determine how the model works, are made public. It is not fully open source, which is when the entirety of the model’s underlying code is made public.

Muse Glimmer属于“开放权重”模型，这意味着模型的权重——也就是决定模型如何运行的底层计算参数——被公开了。但它并不属于完全意义上的“开源”，因为完全开源意味着模型的全部底层代码都必须公开。

The new model was accompanied by a 14-page essay from Mr. Zuckerberg laying out his vision for A.I. The technology should not be feared, he said, and the United States needs to retain its primacy over China in the A.I. race. Without naming Anthropic and OpenAI, the rival A.I. companies that have called for tight controls on the technology, he criticized their approaches, saying that concentrating A.I. power in the hands of just a few companies is hazardous.

伴随这一新模型发布的还有一篇由扎克伯格撰写的14页文章，阐述了他对人工智能未来的设想。他说，人类不应该害怕这项技术，并强调美国需要在人工智能竞赛中保持相对于中国的领先地位。在文章中，他没有点名Anthropic和OpenAI这两家主张对人工智能实施严格管控的竞争对手，但批评了它们的做法，认为若把人工智能权力集中在少数几家公司手中是危险的。

“Rather than centralizing superintelligence, we should distribute it,” Mr. Zuckerberg, 42, wrote in the essay, which he titled “The Future Is for Everyone.” He added, “This has the potential to begin a new era of personal empowerment.”

“与其把超级智能集中在少数人手中，我们更应该让它广泛普及，”42岁的扎克伯格在题为《未来属于所有人》的文章中写道。他还说：“这有望开启一个个人赋能的新时代。”

Meta’s new model is likely to add to a contentious Silicon Valley debate over the direction of A.I. development. Anthropic and OpenAI have argued that A.I. should be restricted because it is dangerous and needs to be safely developed in a contained fashion. But Meta, Nvidia, Microsoft, Google and others have backed open-source, saying the technology must be freely available so that people can further develop A.I. and build new businesses.

Meta的新模型可能会加剧硅谷关于人工智能发展方向的激烈争论。Anthropic和OpenAI认为人工智能具有危险性，因此应该受到限制，需要以受控方式安全开发。但Meta、英伟达、微软、谷歌等公司则支持开源，认为这项技术必须能够自由获得，这样人们才能进一步开发人工智能，并创建新的企业。

The debate was turbocharged last month when Chinese start-ups released powerful open A.I. models that appeared to threaten the technological edge held by U.S. companies. Officials in Washington became embroiled in the debate, with OpenAI and Anthropic raising concerns about Chinese open-source A.I. models with regulators, while Nvidia and others pushed against restrictions.

上个月，中国初创公司发布了一批功能强大的开源人工智能模型，似乎威胁到美国企业的技术优势，这场争论随之急剧升温。华盛顿的官员也卷入了这场争论：OpenAI和Anthropic向监管机构表达了对中国开源人工智能模型的担忧，而英伟达等公司则反对施加限制。

(The New York Times has sued OpenAI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement of news articles. The two companies have denied the claims.)

（《纽约时报》已就新闻文章版权侵权问题起诉OpenAI和微软。两家公司均否认相关指控。）

Meta has long supported open-source A.I. and was for years one of the few American tech giants to give away their top A.I. models for free. That changed last spring, after Meta fell behind Anthropic and OpenAI in the A.I. race. It began developing a closed A.I. model instead.

Meta长期以来一直支持开源人工智能，多年来也是少数愿意免费提供顶尖人工智能模型的美国科技巨头之一。但去年春天这一情况发生了变化。当时，Meta在人工智能竞赛中落后于Anthropic和OpenAI，于是开始开发一种闭源人工智能模型。

That model, Muse Spark, was developed under Alexandr Wang, 29, an A.I. entrepreneur whom Meta hired last year to be its chief A.I. officer. The company began selling access to Muse Spark for the first time last month. Last week, Meta also released Muse Code, a stand-alone coding assistant powered by Muse Spark.

该模型即Muse Spark，由29岁的人工智能创业者汪滔主导开发，Meta于去年聘请他担任首席人工智能官。上个月，该公司首次开始向用户出售Muse Spark的访问权限。上周，Meta还发布了Muse Code——一款以Muse Spark为底层驱动的独立编程助手。

Muse Spark does not perform as well as leading A.I. models from Anthropic and OpenAI on measures such as coding, reasoning and writing, according to leaderboards that track A.I. benchmarks. Meta has positioned the model as a cheaper alternative to its rivals.

根据追踪人工智能基准测试的排行榜，在编程、推理和写作等方面，Muse Spark的表现并不如Anthropic和OpenAI的领先人工智能模型。Meta将这款模型定位为一种价格更低的竞争替代方案。

That strategy is similar to that of Chinese A.I. companies and their inexpensive open-source models. The Chinese models have become increasingly popular in the United States as companies seek to cut their A.I. bills, as well as in developing nations such as Kenya and Uganda.

这种策略与中国人工智能企业的做法颇为相似，后者推出了价格低廉的开源模型。随着企业寻求削减人工智能方面的支出，这些中国模型在美国越来越受欢迎，在肯尼亚、乌干达等发展中国家也同样受到追捧。

In his essay, Mr. Zuckerberg also expanded on Meta’s vision for superintelligence, which includes giving people personal “agents,” the A.I. bots that can “work 24/7 on your behalf to improve your relationships, health, career, finances, home management, hobbies, and more.”

在文章中，扎克伯格还详细阐述了Meta对超级智能的愿景，其中包括为每个人提供个人“代理”——即能够“全天候代表你，持续改善你的人际关系、健康状况、职业发展、财务管理、家居生活、兴趣爱好等方方面面”的人工智能机器人。

His 8-year-old daughter has been using A.I. to code and create videos, he added, and he is using A.I. with her to design a robot. “Everyone will soon have invention superpowers,” Mr. Zuckerberg said.

他还说，自己八岁的女儿已经在使用人工智能进行编程和制作视频，而他正在和女儿一起利用人工智能设计一个机器人。“每个人很快都将拥有发明创造的超能力，”扎克伯格说。

China has advantages in the A.I. race, Mr. Zuckerberg added, such as the ability to build data centers and nuclear power facilities quickly and with fewer regulations. He called for a new process for government oversight of A.I. development, and defended distillation, a practice in which A.I. labs use rival models to help train their own. Meta also said it would create a $1 billion fund to invest in communities where its data centers were built.

扎克伯格还指出，中国在人工智能竞赛中拥有某些优势，例如能够以更快的速度建设数据中心和核电设施，而且受到的监管更少。他呼吁建立一种新的政府监管机制，对人工智能的发展进行监督；同时为蒸馏辩护——所谓蒸馏，是指人工智能实验室利用竞争对手的模型来帮助训练自己的模型。Meta还表示，将设立一项10亿美元的基金，投资于其数据中心所在的社区。

In the coming months, Meta plans to release a cutting-edge A.I. model, internally called Watermelon, that will be more powerful than Muse Spark. Mr. Zuckerberg did not say if the model would be open or closed.

未来几个月，Meta计划发布一款尖端人工智能模型，内部代号为“Watermelon”（西瓜），该模型将比Muse Spark更强大。扎克伯格并未透露该模型是开源还是闭源。

哥伦比亚发生7.4级强震，上百人死亡

Tue, 11 Aug 2026 02:36:02 +0000

JULIE TURKEWITZ, Genevieve Glatsky, MICHAEL LEVENSON

2026年8月11日

周一，哥伦比亚卡利市发生地震后，救援人员和居民正在废墟中搜寻。 Santiago Saldarriaga/Associated Press

A powerful earthquake rocked western Colombia on Monday morning, rattling much of the country and setting off a desperate search for survivors in the rubble of collapsed buildings in several major cities.

周一上午，一场强烈的地震袭击了哥伦比亚西部，震动了该国大部分地区，人们在几座主要城市中倒塌建筑的废墟里急切地寻找生还者。

At least 111 people were killed and 87 others were injured, according to Colombia’s president, Abelardo De La Espriella, who said that at least 1,575 homes, 18 health centers and 52 schools had been damaged. The death toll was likely to rise as rescue crews and residents continued to dig through flattened buildings.

哥伦比亚总统阿韦拉多·德拉埃斯普列拉表示，至少有111人遇难，另有87人受伤。他还表示，至少有1575所房屋、18个医疗中心和52所学校受损。随着救援人员和居民继续在被夷为平地的建筑物中挖掘，死亡人数可能还会上升。

The 7.4-magnitude earthquake, which struck at 7:34 a.m. local time, was the strongest recorded in Colombia in the last decade, according to the Colombian Geological Survey. The agency said that two aftershocks with magnitudes of 2.8 and 4.8 had been recorded and that the quake was felt in neighboring countries, including Panama, Ecuador and Venezuela, which is still recovering from devastating twin quakes just weeks ago that killed more than 6,000 people.

据哥伦比亚地质调查局称，这场7.4级地震发生在当地时间上午7点34分，是哥伦比亚过去十年来录得的最强地震。该机构表示，已录得两次余震，震级分别为2.8级和4.8级，巴拿马、厄瓜多尔和委内瑞拉等邻国均有震感。委内瑞拉几周前刚遭遇毁灭性的双重地震，造成6000多人死亡，目前仍在恢复之中。

The epicenter, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, was about 3 miles east of San José del Palmar, a town of about 5,000 people in the Chocó region, one of the poorest parts of Colombia.

据美国地质调查局称，震中位于圣何塞德尔帕尔马以东约五公里处，这是乔科省一个约有5000人口的城镇，该省是哥伦比亚最贫穷的地区之一。

Videos showed partially collapsed buildings in Cali, Colombia’s third largest city, with about two million residents, as well as in Pereira and Manizales, two cities that are hubs of Colombia’s coffee-growing region.

视频显示，卡利以及佩雷拉和马尼萨莱斯都有建筑物部分倒塌。卡利是哥伦比亚第三大城市，有约200万居民；佩雷拉和马尼萨莱斯是哥伦比亚咖啡种植区的两个中心城市。

In the town of Calima El Darién, three children were killed when a wall collapsed, according to the region’s governor, Dilian Francisca Toro. Ms. Toro said that one hospital had also collapsed, another had been overwhelmed with victims and that patients had been evacuated from a third hospital.

据该地区行政长官迪利安·弗朗西斯卡·托罗称，在卡利马埃尔达里恩镇，一面墙倒塌导致三名儿童丧生。托罗说，一家医院倒塌，另一家医院人满为患，第三家医院的患者已被疏散。

The city of Pereira, which is home to about 500,000 people and lies just 35 miles from the epicenter, was also hard hit. The mayor, Mauricio Salazar, told a national radio station that at least 18 people had been killed there.

拥有约50万人口、距离震中约56公里的佩雷拉市也遭到了重创。市长毛里西奥·萨拉查对国家广播电台表示，该市至少有18人遇难。

In Cali, Francisco González, 34, said he was riding on his motorbike when he saw a motel called the Molino Rojo crash to the ground in a cloud of dust. He immediately became part of a volunteer rescue effort involving 20 to 30 people clawing through the rubble to find survivors.

在卡利，34岁的弗朗西斯科·冈萨雷斯说，他当时正骑着摩托车，突然看到一家名为“红磨坊”的汽车旅馆在尘土中轰然倒塌。他立即加入了一个由20至30人组成的志愿者救援队，他们在废墟中奋力挖掘，寻找幸存者。

“A young woman, she had fractures in her legs, and she was the first one we got out,” he said. “Her husband came out from under her. He was in worse shape. He had passed out.”

“一位年轻女士的腿骨折了，她是我们救出的第一个人，”他说。“她的丈夫从她身下被拉了出来。他的情况更糟，已经昏迷了。”

Four survivors were pulled from the rubble, but Mr. González was worried that others might still be buried underneath. By midmorning, rescue workers were clambering over the rubble, calling down into holes, “Is there anyone there?”

有四名幸存者从废墟中被救出，但冈萨雷斯担心可能还有其他人被埋在下面。到了上午十点左右，救援人员在废墟上攀爬，向下面的洞穴里呼喊：“有人在吗？”

At least 26 buildings in Cali had collapsed, according to its mayor, Alejandro Eder. He said that officials had dispatched rescue teams and were asking for donations of helmets, work gloves, water and safety goggles.

据卡利市长亚历杭德罗·埃德尔称，该市至少有26栋建筑物倒塌。他表示，官方已派出救援队，并呼吁公众捐赠头盔、工作手套、水和护目镜。

At the scene of one collapsed apartment building in Cali, residents used wooden poles and their bare hands to move slabs of broken concrete.

在卡利一栋倒塌的公寓楼现场，居民们用木棍和双手搬开破碎的混凝土板块。

“Everyone went running to help,” said Eder Figueroa, 48, who said he lived in the building next door. “The lady who sells ice cream, the lady who sells juices.”

“大家都跑去帮忙，”48岁的埃德尔·菲格罗亚说，他说自己住在隔壁那栋楼。“卖冰淇淋的女士，卖果汁的女士，大家都去了。”

He added, “We think there are three people alive inside, because we can’t find them, including two children.”

他还说：“我们认为里面还有三个人活着，因为我们找不到他们，其中有两个孩子。”

In Cali, searches at several collapsed buildings were punctuated by calls for silence as rescue workers and civilians strained to hear the cries of survivors.

在卡利，几栋倒塌建筑的搜救现场不时响起保持安静的呼声打断，救援人员和市民们正竭力倾听幸存者的呼救声。

The quake presented an immediate challenge for the president, Mr. De La Espriella, a right-wing lawyer with no previous political experience, who took office on Friday. He had campaigned on a promise to shrink government and crack down on resurgent armed groups and rampant crime and earned the endorsement of President Trump, who had repeatedly clashed with Mr. De La Espriella’s leftist predecessor, Gustavo Petro.

这场地震给总统德拉埃斯普列拉带来了一项迫在眉睫的挑战。他是一位此前毫无从政经验的右翼律师，于周五刚刚上任。他在竞选时承诺精简政府，严厉打击死灰复燃的武装团体和猖獗的犯罪活动，并获得了特朗普总统的支持——特朗普曾与德拉埃斯普列拉的左翼前任古斯塔沃·佩特罗多次发生冲突。

Mr. De La Espriella said on social media on Monday that he had “personally assumed leadership” of the emergency response to the quake. “You are not alone,” he wrote. “The state is present and taking action.” He later briefed the public at a news conference and promised to provide updates every few hours.

德拉埃斯普列拉周一在社交媒体上表示，他已“亲自接管”应对地震的紧急响应领导工作。“你们并不孤单，”他写道。“国家就在这里，正在采取行动。”随后他在新闻发布会上向公众通报了情况，并承诺每隔几小时通报一次最新情况。

Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on social media that the Trump administration “stands ready to support the people of Colombia” and the De La Espriella administration.

美国国务卿鲁比奥在社交媒体上表示，特朗普政府“准备好支持哥伦比亚人民”以及德拉埃斯普列拉政府。

In the capital, Bogotá, about 150 miles from the epicenter, Mayor Carlos Fernando Galán said preliminary inspections had found no structural damage from the earthquake. He added that Bogotá was preparing to send 100 rescuers and rubble-removal equipment to harder-hit cities. “Now is a moment for solidarity,” he said in a video on social media. “Bogotá is ready to help however it can.”

在距离震中约240公里的首都波哥大，市长卡洛斯·费尔南多·加兰表示，初步检查未发现地震造成的结构性破坏。他补充说，波哥大正准备向受灾更严重的城市派遣100名救援人员和废墟清理设备。“现在是团结的时刻，”他在社交媒体上的一段视频中说。“波哥大已准备好尽其所能提供帮助。”